9. 10 cytoskeleton

Question 1

all eukaryotes have

Answer 1

actin filaments and microtubules

Question 2

most animals have

Answer 2

intermediate filaments

Question 3

microtubules

Answer 3

hollow unbranched cyliners of 25nm diameter
polar + end - end
alpha and beta tubulin form stable dimers

Question 4

nucleation

Answer 4

tubulin conc too low in cell for spontaneous depolarisation so cells use a template made of gamma tubulin to spee dup polymerisation

Question 5

gamme tubulim ring structures are concentrated ar

Answer 5

cetnrosomes and absal bodies `

Question 6

dynamic instability and gtp cap

Answer 6

microtubules can grow and shrink, gtp tubulin dimers bind more tightly to each other than gdp tubuline
if cap is on + end mvotubule will keep groing but if cap is llsot get depoylemrations

Question 7

stablilisng microtubules

Answer 7

MAP eg tau

bind drug taxol

Question 8

destabliilsing microtubules

Answer 8

nocodazole

Question 9

actin filments

Answer 9

onomeric actin to polymer, thin flexible helical 7nm
ATPs plus and minus end
capping proteins bind to - end to prevent depolymeraiton

Question 10

stabilising actin filaments

Answer 10

phalloidin

Question 11

destabiliting

Answer 11

cytochalasin

latrunculin

Question 12

filopodia

Answer 12

formins attached to pm nucleate the actin monomers

don’t slide back as filmanet are anchored

Question 13

lamelli podia

Answer 13

arp complex binds to ctin filament nucleates the assembly of new actin filsmrntd

Question 14

microfilaments

Answer 14

kertns avimentin and neugilsmrnt sre cytoplasmic

nuclear lamins mutation is rogeria