8th Grade Social Studies Final

Question 1

Washington’s foreign policy

Answer 1

His view on foreign policy was that the US should not take an active role in international affairs because it would drag us into war.

Question 2

Elections of 1796 and 1800

Answer 2

led to the 12th Amendment: (where we would vote separately for presidents and vice presidents).

Question 3

Louisian Purchase (details, countries involved)

Answer 3

We purchased Louisiana from France. Napoleon sold the Louisiana territory because he needed money for his costly wars in Europe.

Question 4

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 4

Europeans were to leave Latin America alone.

Question 5

Disputed election of 1824

Answer 5

Winner was chosen by the House of Reps – John Q. Adams, Corrupt Bargain

Question 6

Spoils system

Answer 6

the practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs.

Question 7

Trail of tears

Answer 7

result of the Indian Removal Act- Cherokee Indians were forced to leave land in Georgia and walk to Oklahoma —thousands died along the way

Question 8

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 8

idea that each territory could decide for itself whether or not to allow slavery.

Question 9

Missouri Compromise

Answer 9

Missouri would enter as a slave state and Maine would enter as a free state. Drew imaginary line through Louisiana purchase territory. North of the line was free, and South of the line was slave.

Question 10

Fugitive Slave Law

Answer 10

If anyone lets a fugitive escape, $1000 fine and jail time. Northerners were forced to return all fugitive slaves.

Question 11

Compromise of 1850

Answer 11

1. California would enter the Union as a free state.
2. Divided the rest of the Mexican Cession into New Mexico and Utah (popular sovereignty)
3. Ended the slave trade in Washington D.C. (congress would have no power over the slave trade between slave states)
4. Strict fugitive slave law.
5. Settled border disputes between Texas and New Mexico. (agreed where the border would be)

Question 12

Kansas Nebraska Act

Answer 12

Divided the Louisiana Purchase territory into two parts where they had popular sovereignty. Missouri Compromise was null and void.

Question 13

“Bleeding Kansas”

Answer 13

the violence broke out because of the rivalry between proslavery and antislavery settlers.

Question 14

John Brown

Answer 14

A violent abolitionist (against slavery) who murdered 5 men in Kansas.

Question 15

Border Ruffian

Answer 15

Proslavery who rode from Missouri to Kansas to battle anti-slavery forces.

Question 16

Supreme Court Case (Dred Scott)

Answer 16

Dred Scott was enslaved in Missouri for many years. Supreme Court stated that Scott could not file a suit because slaves were not citizens (slaves were considered property) This meant slavery was legal in all territories.

Question 17

Harriet Tubman

Answer 17

Slave who escaped through the Underground Railroad. Leader.

Question 18

Underground Railroad

Answer 18

A system of secret trails and networks that allowed slaves to escape.

Question 19

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (author, impact on north and south)

Answer 19

Author: Harriet Beecher Stowe
Impact on North: Made them against slavery. Happy. Showed that slavery was moral evil, very bad.
Impact on South: Furious. Made them think they looked like monsters.

Question 20

Significance of Fort Sumter, SC

Answer 20

The confederates attacked Fort Sumter. This sparked the beginning of the Civil War. It was in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina.

Question 21

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 21

• Abraham Lincoln issued
• Why after the battle of Antietam? So we could win a battle and not look weak.
• Lincoln’s goal was to keep our country united.
• Because of the war, England stopped helping the south.

Question 22

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 22

Union commander at Vicksburg and Appomattox Courthouse. His two nicknames were unconditional surrender Grant and the butcher.

Question 23

Robert E. Lee

Answer 23

confederate commander at Appomattox courthouse and Gettysburg.

Question 24

Jefferson Davis

Answer 24

president of confederacy during Fort Sumter

Question 25

General George Meade

Answer 25

commander of union during Gettysburg

Question 26

General George Pickett

Answer 26

One of Lee’s right hand man’s @ Gettysburg

Question 27

Total War

Answer 27

when everyone is involved, including civilians.

Question 28

General Sherman “March to the Sea”

Answer 28

was ordered to go to the south and destroy everything in the path

Question 29

Reconstruction plans

Answer 29

10% Plan (Lincoln, easy on the south); created by the Republicans Wade-Davis (harsh to the south)

Question 30

Radical Republicans (their goals for reconstruction)

Answer 30

to ensure that the freed men received the right to vote.

Question 31

Andrew Johnson

Answer 31

succeeded Lincoln

Question 32

13th amendment

Answer 32

ban on slavery throughout the nation

Question 33

14th amendment

Answer 33

guarantees equal protection of the laws (citizenship for African Americans)

Question 34

15th amendment

Answer 34

African Americans are given the right to vote

Question 35

freedmen

Answer 35

ex slaves

Question 36

Carpetbagger

Answer 36

a northerner who came to the south after the war.

Question 37

Black Codes

Answer 37

southern laws that severely limited the rights of African Americans after the Civil War. (poll tax, literacy tests)

Question 38

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 38

laws passed by southern governments that separated people by race. (segregated schools)

Question 39

Supreme Court Case (Plessy vs Ferguson)

Answer 39

Plessy lost. The supreme court allows segregation.

Question 40

Election of 1876- electoral vote controversy between Hayes and Tilden

Answer 40

20 disputed votes. Tilden needed one more, Hayes needed 20. All 20 were given to Hayes because he agreed to end Reconstruction

Question 41

The portrait below illustrates a belief or idea known as…

Answer 41

MANIFEST DESTINY

Question 42

49’er

Answer 42

gold rush in California

Question 43

The pink shaded area on the map represents the territory known as…

Answer 43

MEXICAN SESSION

Question 44

Battle of the Alamo (what was the battle cry)

Answer 44

“REMEMBER THE ALAMO”

Question 45

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 45

the treaty that ended the Mexican War

Question 46

Lewis and Clark expedition

Answer 46

• Started in 1804 up the Mississippi River
• Results: increased knowledge of animals, plants, map making, and Native Americans

Question 47

significance of Sacagawea

Answer 47

The Shoshone guide on the Lewis and Clark expedition

Question 48

Lincoln’s House Divided Speech

Answer 48

the issue was slavery, in his speech he is saying that they cannot be a country if we have different views on the topic. It would be all or nothing.

Question 49

South strengths/weaknesses

Answer 49

Strengths:
1. They were fighting to defend their homeland—gave them a strong reason to fight.
2. They knew the southern countryside better.
3. the land was wooded—the confederates used this for cover from Union Troops.
Weaknesses: (economic and political problems)
1. Few factories to produce weapons
2. Few railroads to move troops and supplies.
3. Small population—9 million compared to 22 million in Union
4. Confederate government had a hard time getting things done—Confederate constitution favored state’s rights and limited power of government.

Question 50

North strengths/weaknesses

Answer 50

• North
  Strengths:
  1. Bigger population – more people to fight, make weapons, grow crops for food
  2. More factories and railroads—weapons/moving troops
  3. Strong navy—many trading ships
  Weaknesses:
  1. Military Challenge: instead of defending homes, they were invading unfamiliar land

Question 51

Battle of Vicksburg

Answer 51

union win. it gave the union complete control over the Mississippi river

Question 52

Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 52

union win. the turning point of the civil war because the south never won a major battle again

Question 53

Could the Civil War have been prevented?

Answer 53

I do not think the Civil War could have been prevented. Issues between the North and South mostly was over slavery, and had been going on for a long time before the war. Because of this, it was difficult to avoid war. Key events such as the Missouri Compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott court case, etc. were fought over. I believe that if the Civil War never happened, our country would not be where it is today.