8th Grade English Quiz #2 Flashcards
What are the three types of adjective phrases?
Prepositional, participle, and infinitive.
What are prepositional phrases?
Begins with a preposition and function as either adjectives or adverbs.
What is a participle phrase?
Ends in d, ed, en, t, and ing, are always adjectives, and is a verb form used as an adjective.
What is an infinitive phrase?
Functions as either a noun, adjective, or adverb; an infinitive is ‘to’ plus a verb.
What is a clause?
A group of words that contains both a subject and a verb.
What is an independent clause?
Expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.
What is a dependent clause (also known as a subordinate clause)?
A clause that does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone in a sentence.
List the words that introduce adjective clauses.
Who, whom, whose, which, that.
What are the words that introduce adjective clauses called?
Relatives.
Which of the relatives are relative pronouns?
Who, whom, which, that.
Which of the relatives is a relative adjective?
Whose (answers the question ‘whose’ and is ALWAYS an adjective).
What two purposes does a relative serve?
(1) It introduces the clause. (2) It serves a grammatical function within the clause.
Where should adjective phrases and clauses be located?
Adjective phrases and clauses should come immediately after the words they modify.
Where may participial phrases be located?
Participial phrases may come after the words they modify or they may be at the beginning of the sentence.
If a participial phrase comes at the beginning of a sentence, what must it modify?
MUST modify the subject of the sentence that follows it.
What are the three steps for diagramming an adjective clause?
- Diagram the independent adjective clause first. 2. Then diagram the dependent clause BELOW the independent. 3. Draw a dotted line from the relative pronoun or adjective to the noun or pronoun that the clause modifies.
What should you remember about the relative pronouns who, which, and that?
They MUST serve a grammatical function in the clause: S, PN, DO, OP.
What is a visual cue for diagramming participles?
Remember that participles look like they are going ‘whee!’ down a slide when they are diagrammed - and they curve.
What should you know how to diagram?
Single word adjectives and compound adjectives describing the noun, as well as all the parts of a sentence: S, PN, DO, IO, OP, AP.
