8C: Social Interactions

Question 1

Status

Answer 1

Socially defined position within society that is used to classify a person

Question 2

Master Status

Answer 2

The status that overshadows all others (Roger Federer is a “tennis player”)

Question 3

Explain Difference between Ascribed and Achieved Status

Answer 3

Ascribed: Given at birth or involuntarily assumed later in life, not chosen or earned (race, gender, ethnicity)
Achieved: Gained or earned through one’s efforts (Oscar-winning actor)

Question 4

Role

Answer 4

Collection of behaviors, values, norms, attitudes, and beliefs that are expected of a person holding a particular status

Question 5

Role Partner

Answer 5

Person with whom someone interacts in their role (teacher with students, parents, other faculty)

Question 6

Role Performance

Answer 6

How well a person carries out their particular role

Question 7

Role Conflict

Answer 7

Difficulty of performing two DIFFERENT roles at once (dad and baseball coach)

Question 8

Role Strain

Answer 8

Difficulty of fulfilling multiple expectations within the same role

Question 9

Role Exit

Answer 9

Taking up another status by dropping a role

Question 10

Groups

Answer 10

Two or more people who identify and interact with each other

Share values, interest, family, social placement

Question 11

Reference Group

Answer 11

Social group in which individuals can evaluate themselves

Question 12

Primary Group

Answer 12

Direct interaction between members with close and intimate relationships

Families, close groups of friends, teams

Question 13

Secondary Group

Answer 13

Superficial Interaction between members, don’t last very long

Question 14

Group Conformity

Answer 14

The power a group holds over its members

Individuals willing to comply in order to fit in

Question 15

Network

Answer 15

Observable, chartable pattern of relationships between individuals and groups

Question 16

Social Network

Answer 16

Complicated, intricate web of social connections between people, with both direct and indirect relationships

Question 17

Organizations

Answer 17

Entities that come together with specific culture and structure, set on achieving specific goals

Typically large, more impersonal than groups, and can still function when individuals leave

Question 18

Coercive vs Normative vs Utilitarian Organizations

Answer 18

Coercive: Members have no choice in joining (prison)
Normative: Members join for some common, moral goal (volunteers)
Utilitarian: Members are paid for efforts (businesses)

Question 19

Bureaucracy

Answer 19

Rational system of administration, control, and discipline

Question 20

Weber’s 6 Characteristics of Bureaucracy

Answer 20

1. Formal hierarchal structure
2. Managed via set of defined, specific rules and regulations
3. Organized by functional specificity, different workers to different tasks
4. Unified mission that is either “up-focused” to serve shareholders, or “in-focused” to serve itself through max profit
5. Purposefully impersonal
6. Employment is based on tech qualifications, either degree or training

Question 21

Iron Law of Oligarchy

Answer 21

Posits that the majority of bureaucratic and democratic organizations eventually and naturally shift to being ruled by oligarchs, a group of elites

Question 22

Basic Model of Emotional Expression

Answer 22

Various forms of expression are consistent with theory of evolution (Darwin), and that they are the same across cultures

Question 23

Social Construction Model

Answer 23

No biological basis for expression, holds that emotions are based on experiences and social contexts

Question 24

Display Rules

Answer 24

Cultural expectations for how emotions should be expressed

Question 25

Cultural Syndrome

Answer 25

Set of attitudes, behaviors, beliefs that are organized around some central theme and is shared near-unanimously among members of the same culture

Question 26

Role of Gender in Expressing Emotino

Answer 26

Women more likely to actually display empathy, because they are better at reading emotional cues Also, women are more able to show emotion, more socially acceptable

Question 27

Self-Presentation

Answer 27

Act of displaying ourselves to to others and to society through means of socially acceptable behaviors

Question 28

Impression Management

Answer 28

How we attempt to shape and influence the way other people perceive us

Question 29

Three selves of impression management

Answer 29

Authentic Self Ideal Self Tactical Self

Question 30

Strategies for Impression Management

Answer 30

Assertive: Bragging, talking oneself up, wearing flashy clothes Defensive: Meant to protect one's impression in the event of failure (claiming to have not studied prior to test)

Question 31

Dramaturgical Perspective

Answer 31

Front Stage: Person performs for the audience, according to understood social cues Back Stage: When actor is not performing, can be themself

Question 32

Social Behaviors

Answer 32

Interactions between same species Includes attraction, aggression, attachment, and social support

Question 33

Attraction

Answer 33

Having positive feelings about another Influenced by proximity, mere exposure effect, appearance, self-disclosure effect, and reciprocal linking

Question 34

Aggression

Answer 34

Hostile, assertive, and attacking behavior- can be physical or verbal or emotional Evolutionary Standpoint and Amygdala

Question 35

Cognitive Association Model

Answer 35

We are more likely to respond aggressively when we are experiencing negative emotions or physiological feelings

Question 36

Frustration Aggression Model

Answer 36

We are more likely to behave aggressively when we are blocked from reaching a goal

Question 37

Attachment

Answer 37

Emotional connection established between caregiver and child from birth

Question 38

Secure Attachment

Answer 38

Constant caregiver, able to explore and learn about the world

Question 39

Ambivalent Attachment

Answer 39

Caregiver is inconsistent, child becomes distressed when separated from caregiver but calms down when they return

Question 40

Avoidant Attachment

Answer 40

Caregiver provides little to no response, no safe base Child shows no preference for caregiver over total stranger, no elation upon return or sadness when gone

Question 41

Disorganized Attachment

Answer 41

Child's caregiver behaves erratically and is typified by a disorganized pattern of behavior in response to caregiver's absence and presence

Question 42

Social Support

Answer 42

PERCEPTION that one is cared for and supported by social network Low social support = higher mortality rates from many diseases

Question 43

Foraging Behavior

Answer 43

Animal's search for and use of food resources

Question 44

Mating Behavior

Answer 44

Polygyny: Male with lots of females Polyandry: Female with lots of males

Question 45

Inclusive Fitness

Answer 45

Number of offspring an animal has, how well it supports those offspring, and how well its offspring support other organisms in a group

Question 46

Game Theory

Answer 46

Payoff is typically sexual fitness Rewards associated with decisions or actions

Question 47

Altruistic Behaviors

Answer 47

Behaviors helping other members of the group survive and thrive, often at the cost to the individual performing the action

Question 48

Discrimination

Answer 48

Active form of prejudice