8B: Cells and Systems Flashcards
What is the function of red blood cells?
To transport oxygen and other nutrients around the body. They contain hemoglobin which carries the oxygen around the body.
What is the function of white blood cells?
Protects the body from diseases, and helps fight infection/strengthen our immune system.
What role do platelets play in your body?
Platelets help to clot blood and stop bleeding during wounds/injuries.
What is the function of the plasma found in your blood vessels?
Plasma helps to regulate body temperature and transport blood cells around the body. Plasma makes up roughly 55% of your blood volume and it is mainly water.
How many bones are found in an adult human body? Why do babies contain more bones than adults?
The normal human adult has 206 bones. Young babies have more bones because as we age the bones actually fuse together in specific regions.
What type of tissue is the heart made of?
Cardiac tissue/muscle.
Describe the pathway that oxygen takes through the respiratory system as you inhale.
Air enters the nose as we inhale. Next, it passes through the mouth and into the of the throat. Then, passes through the trachea. Then, it reaches the lungs by passing into the right and left bronchi. The bronchi branch into smaller bronchioles. Each of the bronchioles ends with a small cluster of blood vessels and alveoli. Air reaches the alveoli and gas exchange occurs here.
Why are coffee filters a good model of a nephron?
Coffee filters represent a nephron well because they serve a similar function. Both structures filter substances to some extent.
Describe the function of the nervous system.
The function of the nervous system is to transmit signals to the rest of the body. It also allows the body to respond to external stimuli.
How are mechanical digestion and chemical digestion different?
Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of food. Peristalsis in the esophagus, or even chewing are examples of mechanical digestion.
Chemical digestion refers to the breakdown of food/nutrients by enzymes. Your saliva and stomach acid both aid in chemical digestion.
Describe what a stimulus response is and how the human body might respond to a change in external stimuli.
A stimulus refers to any change in the environment. Therefore a stimulus response would be an organisms response to a change in a stimuli. (Answers for examples may vary).
What is the function of villi/microvilli and where are they located?
Villi are located in the small intestine and their purpose is to absorb nutrients back into the bloodstream.
What is the function of the respiratory system?
The function of the respiratory system is to transport oxygen to the rest of the body through gas exchange. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli where CO2 and O2 undergo diffusion within the capillaries.
Neurons contain axons & dendrites. What is the function of each of these specialized cells?
Dendrites recieve information from axons and any external stimuli. Dendrites basically recieve incoming messages to the neuron and axons transmit any information away from the cell.
What is the function of a neuron?
The function of a neuron is to recieve information from external stimuli, process it, and tell the body what to do. The dendrites recieve incoming information, the neuron will process it, and the axon will send a message to the rest of the body.
What is the function of the heart?
The heart is composed of cardiac tissue and its function is to pump blood that has been oxygenated by the lungs to the rest of the blood.
What is the function of the larynx?
It is responsible for producing vocal sounds, and aids the body in the mechanics of the breathing process.
How is the excretory system related to other body systems?
The excretory is responsible for filtering waste out of the body. Any minerals or nutrients that are absorbed back into the bloodstream are then transported throughout the body via the circulatory system. The circulatory is also connected to the nervous system. It is the nervous system that tells your body when it needs to go to the bathroom.
What is the function of the skeletal system?
The function of the skeletal system is to protect the internal organs, and provide a frame structure to support your body(posture and muscles).
What is the function of bones besides supporting your body?
Bones store and produce bone marrow which produces blood cells and helps our body fight infection.
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary movement/organs?
Voluntary movements can be directly and intentionally controlled. (ex: picking up a glass of water). Involuntary movements cannot be controlled intentionally. (peristalsis in your esophagus). Some movements can be both involuntary and voluntary. (ex: bladder control, and blinking)
What are 6 characteristics that all living things share?
- Made up of cells
- Need energy
- Grow and develop
- Respond to the environment
- Reproduce
- Have adaptations for their environment.
Explain the difference between structure and function.
Every structure is made with a specific function. Structure is the physical form/shape of something and function is what its purpose is.
What is the function of the excretory system?
The excretory is responsible for filtering waste out of the body.
The function of the nucleus is ______.
TO act as the brain or command center of the cell, Telling all other aspects of it what to do.
Identify the order of the four levels of organization and give an example of each one.
Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ System
- Cell: Blood cell
- Tissue: Cardiac tissue
- Organ: Heart
- Organ System: Circulatory system
Which two organelles are ONLY found within plant cells?
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
The Cell Membrane is _________.
A controllable gateway that lets wastes in and out of the cell.
What is the role of the Vacuole???
‘Storage Rooms’ This is where nutrients, water, and other substances can be stored in the cell. Plant cells tend to have one large vacuole while animal cells have many small ones.
What is the role of the Cell Wall found within plant cells?
‘Frame’. Found in plant cells only and it provides strength and support to plants.
What is the role of the Mitochondria???
‘Powerhouse’. Chemical reactions occur to change energy into a substance the cell can use.
The role of Cytoplasm is _____.
‘Kitchen’ It contains all of the nutrients that are vital for the cells survival.
Chloroplasts are ???????
‘Solar Panels’. They take in sunlight and convert it into energy/ food for the plant using photosynthesis. Found in the green parts of plants.
How are unicellular and multicellular organisms different?
Organisms that are made up of two cells or more and multicellular. Organisms that are made up of one cell are unicellular. Microorganisms are unicellular.
Multicellular organisms rely on many special cells to perform functions.
Unicellular organisms develop structures to help them function.
Unicellular organisms lack the advanced organs and tissues like other organisms.
Diffusion is the movement of particles from a _____ concentration to a _____ concentration.
High to Low Concentration
What is meant by the term concentration gradient?
Diffusion happens when there is a concentration gradient. A concentration gradient is when there is less cells in one place then another. The cells then transport to a spot with the lower concentration.
Explain the role of a selectively permeable membrane using words and/or diagrams.
A membrane with tiny holes that allows particles of some substances of particles to pass through, while others are blocked/stopped.