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Science > 8A > Flashcards

8A Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do our bodies need food?

A

To gain strength and energy
For growth and repair
To do physical activity

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2
Q

What does diet mean?

A

What you eat

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3
Q

What is a nutrient found in many foods?

A

Energy

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4
Q

Why is water important? Provide 3 reasons

A

Water is 65% of us
Acts as a lubricant
Dissolves things so that they can be carried around the body
Fills up cells so that they hold their shape

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5
Q

What are 2 main carbahydrates?

A

Starch and sugars

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6
Q

What are fats and oils called?

A

Lipids

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7
Q

What is the test for starch?

A

Add 2 drops of iodine solution if there is starch you will see a blue black colour

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8
Q

What is the test for protein?

A

Place a food sample in a test tube to a depth about 1cm. Add 5 drops of bluirret solution. If there is protein you will see a purple colour in a few minutes.

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9
Q

What is the test for fats?

A

Rub a dry food sample on a white piece of paper. Hold it up to a light. Fats leave a greasy mark.

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10
Q

What is the body’s main source of energy?

A

Carbohydrates

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11
Q

Why are Fats stored in your body?

A

So that there is a source of energy at all times

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12
Q

What is the function of oils

A

To store energy

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13
Q

What is the function of proteins?

A

Proteins make new cells to help us grow and repair our bodies

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14
Q

Give an example of a protein

A

Beans
fish
milk
cheese
eggs
meat

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15
Q

Why do we need fibre?

A

Fibre helps keep our intestines healthy.

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16
Q

Why do we need vitamin A?

A

To keep our eyes and skin healthy

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17
Q

Why do we need vitamin C?

A

To help cells and tissues stick together

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18
Q

Why do we need calcium?

A

To make bones stronger

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19
Q

Balanced diet

A

When you eat the right amount of nutrients in a wide range of foods.

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20
Q

Malnutrition

A

When you have too much or too little of a nutrient

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21
Q

Diafency diseases

A

Lack of protein for a long time

22
Q

What can a lack of a protein cause?

A

Kwashiorkor (pot belly)

23
Q

What can a lack of vitamin A cause?

A

Lack of vitamin A causes night blindness (not being able to see in dim light

24
Q

What can a lack of vitamin C cause?

A

Scurvy: causes painful joints and bleeding of the gums

25
Q

What can a lack of a vitamin D/calcium cause?

A

Rickets where bones do not form properly

26
Q

Anamia

A

When you do not have enough iron

27
Q

Why are fruits and vegetables good for humans?

A

Fruits and vegetables contain minerals and vitamins which stop us from becoming poorly

28
Q

What does milk and dairy foods contain?

A

Milk and diary food contain calcium which help nails, teeth and bones grow.

29
Q

What is starvation?

A

Starvation is the most sever from of malnutrition where people nearly lack all the nutrients to survive.

30
Q

What happens when a human experience starvation?

A

In humans, starvation can cause pernament organ damage and health

31
Q

What does anorexia mean?

A

Anorexia is an eating disorder where people think they are fat but they are healthy or underweight

32
Q

Obesity

A

When you are very over weight

33
Q

What can obesity cause?

A

Obesity can cause heart disease(fat clogs the arteries which limits the blood to the heart cell muscle tissue) and diabeetes

34
Q

Briefly explain digestion

A

Digestion starts in the mouth. During digestion, digestive juices are added to the food and these contain enzymes that break down the food into smaller pieces.

35
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Enzymes are substances that speed up the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules. catalysts are substances that speed up reaction times
Enzymes are a type of catalysts.

36
Q

What is an example of a digestive juice?

A

Saliva

37
Q

In which blood type is digestive food transported?

A

Plasma

38
Q

Where does the most digestion happen? Explain your reasoning

A

Most digestion happens in the small intestine. This is because more different enzymes are found there.

39
Q

What is the first step of digestion?

A
  1. Putting food in your mouth is called ingestion your teeth grind to food into smaller pieces and mix it with saliva which is produced by salivary glands it helps digest food and make it easier to swallow.
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Q
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45
Q

Explain the process of digestion

A

Putting food in your mouth is called ingestion. Your teeth grind food into smaller pieces and mix it with saliva, which is produced by your salivary glands. Saliva helps digest food and makes food easier to swallow.
When you swallow, food enters the foodpipe. Muscles in the gullet contract to make the tube above the foood narrower, and this pushes the food towards the stomach.
In the stomach, food is churned up with acid and more digestive juices
In the small intestine, more digestive juices are added and the liver adds a substance to help digest fats. This is also where protiens are absorbed into plasma
Food that we can not digest goes into the large intestine, where water is removed. This forms poop.
The rectum stores poop whic is then pushed out of the anus (elemination/egastion)

46
Q

What are the adaptations of the small intestine?

A

Long and folded
Rich blood supply
Villi
Microvilli

47
Q

Long and folded

A

Absorption across a surface happens if a surface is long

48
Q

Rich blood supply

A

Maintains the concentration gradient allowing for faster diffusion.

49
Q

Villi

A

These are 1 cell thick which increases the surface area

50
Q

Microvilli

A

These are connected to the villi which increases surface area

51
Q

How do teeth help in digestion?

A

Teeth are important for digestion because the smaller the food pieces are the greater surface area they have and there is a larger area over which enzymes can break down food this means that smaller parts of food will be digested faster and Teeth help in this process.

52
Q

What food molecule do all cells use for respiration?

A

Glucose

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