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8th Grade History TAKS Review > 87 Facts 8th Grade History Review > Flashcards

87 Facts 8th Grade History Review Flashcards

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1
Q

IMPORTANT DATES: What was the first permanent English Settlement that was founded in 1607?

A

Jamestown

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2
Q

IMPORTANT DATES: What document was signed on July 4, 1776?

A

The Declaration of Independence

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3
Q

IMPORTANT DATES: What important document was written in 1787?

A

The Constitution of the United States

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4
Q

IMPORTANT DATES: What did President Thomas Jefferson purchase from France? What year?

A

Louisiana Territory in 1803

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5
Q

IMPORTANT DATES: When was the Civil War fought?

A

1861-1865

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6
Q

IMPORTANT PLACES AND EVENTS: The first shots of the American Revolution fired at {blank} in April 1775.

A

Lexington & Concord

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7
Q

IMPORTANT PLACES AND EVENTS: What was the turning point of the American Revolution?

A

The Battle of Saratoga

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8
Q

IMPORTANT PLACES AND EVENTS: What battle signaled the end of the American Revolution?

A

The British defeat at Yorktown, Virginia by George Washington’s troops

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9
Q

IMPORTANT PLACES AND EVENTS: Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired?

A

Fort Sumter in South Carolina

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10
Q

IMPORTANT PLACES AND EVENTS: What battle was the turning point in the Civil War for the North? Confederate troops were forced to retreat and never invaded the North again.

A

The Battle of Gettysburg

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11
Q

IMPORTANT PLACES AND EVENTS: What is the name of the small town in Virginia where Robert E. Lee surrendered the Confederate Army to Ulysses S. Grant ending the Civil War?

A

Appomattox Court House

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12
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: What is the term that is an economic theory that a country’s strength is measured by the amount of gold it has, that a country should sell more than it buys and that the colonies exist for the benefit of the Mother Country?

A

Mercantilism

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13
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: What is the term used for a person who wanted to end slavery in the United States?

A

An abolitionist

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14
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: What is the term used to describe a tax on goods brought into a country?

A

tarrif

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15
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: What is the believe that the United States should own all of the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans?

A

Manifest Destiny

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16
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: What movement was a campaign against the sale or drinking of alcohol?

A

The Temperance Movement

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17
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: A nation in which voters choose representatives to govern them.

A

republic

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18
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: What was the first representative assembly in the English colonies?

A

The Virginia House of Burgesses

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19
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: Name the three branches of government.

A

Judicial Branch
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch

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20
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: Name the system set up by the Constitution in which each branch of the federal government has the power to check or control the actions of the other branches.

A

Checks & Balances

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21
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: The freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit with minimal government regulation

A

Free enterprise

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22
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: The principle of the constitution in which power is shared between the states and the national government

A

Federalism

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23
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: The principle of the constitution in which each branch of government has its own powers

A

Separation of Powers

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24
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: The principle of the constitution in which people have the supreme political power in government; also the practice of allowing each territory to decide for itself whether or not to allow slavery

A

Popular Sovereignty

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25
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: Means to change

A

Amend

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26
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: Rights that cannot be given up, taken away, or transferred. Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness are some of those rights

A

Inalienable Rights

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27
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: Means to approve by vote

A

Radify

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28
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: The right of the Supreme Court to judge laws passed by Congress and determine whether they are constitutional or not

A

Judicial Review

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29
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: Name of the supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong national government

A

Federalists

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30
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: Name of people opposed to the Constitution, preferring more power be given to the state governments than to the national government

A

Anti-federalists

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31
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: Name of the idea of a state declaring a federal law illegal

A

Nullify

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32
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: Are the original records of an event. They include eyewitness reports, records created at the time of an event, speeches, and letters by people involved in the event, photographs, and artifacts

A

Primary Sources

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33
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: Are the later writings and interpretations of historians and writers. Often secondary sources like textbooks and articles provide summaries of information found in primary sources

A

Secondary Sources

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34
Q

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY: Was the era in which a change from household industries to factory production using powered machinery took place

A

Industrial Revolution

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35
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: What was signed in 1215 by King John and was the first document that limited power of the ruler?

A

The Magna Carta

36
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: What protected the rights of English citizens and became the basis for the American Bill of Rights?

A

The English Bill of Rights

37
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: What was the document written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the colonies independence from England?

A

The Declaration of Independence

38
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: What was the first American constitution? It was a very weak document that limited the power of Congress by giving states the final authority over all decisions.

A

The Articles of Confederation

39
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: What document sets out the laws and principles of the government of the United States?

A

The Constitution of the United States

40
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: What is the name of George Washington’s speech that advised the United States to stay “neutral in its relations with other nations” and to avoid “entangling alliances”?

A

George Washington’s Farewell Address

41
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: What was the foreign policy statement by President James Monroe stating that 1) the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs, and 2) that the western hemisphere was closed to colonization and/or interference by European nations?

A

The Monroe Doctrine

42
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: The [BLANK] of 1763 ended the French and Indian War and effectively kicked the French out of North America.

A

The Treaty of Paris

43
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: The [BLANK] ended the American Revolution and forced Britain to recognize the United States as an independent nation.

A

The Treaty of Paris

44
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: Was a policy of establishing the principles and procedures for the orderly expansion of the United States

A

The Northwest Ordinance

45
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: Was the agreement signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims in Plymouth to consult each other about laws for the colony and a promise to work together to make it succeed.

A

The Mayflower Compact

46
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: Were a series of essays written by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton defending the Constitution and the principles on which the government of the United States was founded.

A

The Federalists Papers

47
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: Was a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to convince colonists that it was time to become independent from Britain

A

Common Sense

48
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: The first ten amendments to the Constitution and detail the protection of individual liberties

A

The Bill of Rights

49
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: A short speech given by Abraham Lincoln to dedicate a cemetery for soldiers who died at the Battle of Gettysburg. It is considered to be a profound statement of American ideals.

A

The Gettysburg Address

50
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: What did Abraham Lincoln issue on January 1, 1863 that set all slaves in the Confederate states free?

A

The Emancipation Proclamation

51
Q

IMPORTANT DATES AND POLICIES: What created the two houses of Congress at the Constitutional Convention?

A

The Great Compromise

52
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He was a member of the Sons of Liberty who started the Committee of Correspondence to stir public support for American independence

A

Samuel Adams

53
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He was an inventor, statesman, diplomat, signer of the Declaration of Independence and delegate to Constitutional Convention

A

Ben Franklin

54
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He was the King of England who disbanded the colonial legislatures, taxed the colonies, and refused the Olive Branch Petition leading to the final break with the colonies

A

King George III

55
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He wrote the Declaration of Independence, became the 3rd President of the United States and purchased the Louisiana territory, doubling the size of the United States

A

Thomas Jefferson

56
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He wrote pamphlets like ‘Common Sense” and ‘The Crisis’ to encourage American independence and resolve

A

Thomas Paine

57
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He was the leader of the Continental Army who became the first President of the United States

A

George Washington

58
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He was the leader of the original Democratic Party and a “President of the people”. He was also responsible for the Trail of Tears, which forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi River

A

Andrew Jackson

59
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He was a powerful Kentucky Congressman and Senator who proposed the American System and the Compromise of 1850

A

Henry Clay

60
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He was the President of the Confederacy during the Civil War

A

Jefferson Davis

61
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He was the General of the Union Army and was responsible for winning the Civil War for the North

A

Ulysses S. Grant

62
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He was the General of the Confederate Army

A

Robert E. Lee

63
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He was the 16th President of the United States who successfully put the Union back together only to be assassinated 5 days after the Civil War ended

A

Abraham Lincoln

64
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He was a leader of the Federalists, first Treasurer of the United States, creator of the Bank of the U.S., and killed in a duel by the Vice President of the United States, Aaron Burr.

A

Alexander Hamilton

65
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He was a passionate patriot who became famous for his fiery speeches in favor of American independence. His most famous quote included the words, “Give me liberty or give me death!”

A

Patrick Henry

66
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He is considered to be the “Father of the Constitution”

A

James Madison

67
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He was a former slave who became the best known black abolitionist in the country

A

Frederick Douglas

68
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: He was the author of the Monroe Doctrine, which shut down the western hemisphere to European expansion or interference

A

John Quincy Adams

69
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: She was an escaped slave who became a Conductor on the Underground Railroad and helped over 300 slaves to freedom in the North

A

Harriett Tubman

70
Q

IMPORTANT PEOPLE: She organized the Seneca Falls Convention creating the Women’s Rights Movement in the United States

A

Susan B. Anthony

71
Q

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION - BILL OF RIGHTS & RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS: Which amendment states that “Congress shall make no law” restricting freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition?

A

1st Amendment

72
Q

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION - BILL OF RIGHTS & RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS: Which amendment abolished slavery?

A

13th Amendment

73
Q

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION - BILL OF RIGHTS & RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS: Which amendment guarantees the right to a speedy public trial by an impartial jury; the right to a lawyer; the right to cross examine witnesses; and the right to force witnesses at a trial to testify?

A

6th Amendment

74
Q

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION - BILL OF RIGHTS & RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS: Which amendment guarantees the right of states to organize militias, or armies, and the right of individuals to bear arms?

A

2nd Amendment

75
Q

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION - BILL OF RIGHTS & RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS: Which amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail or fines?

A

8th Amendment

76
Q

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION - BILL OF RIGHTS & RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS: Which amendment guarantees the right to vote to all citizens regardless of race?

A

15th Amendment

77
Q

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION - BILL OF RIGHTS & RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS: Which amendment forbids the government to order private citizens to allow soldiers to live in their homes?

A

3rd Amendment

78
Q

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION - BILL OF RIGHTS & RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS: Which amendment requires that warrants be issued if property is to be searched or seized (taken) by the government?

A

4th Amendment

79
Q

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION - BILL OF RIGHTS & RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS: Which amendment protects an accused person from having to testify against him or herself (self-incrimination); bans double jeopardy, and guarantees that no person will suffer the loss of life, liberty, or property without due process of law?

A

5th Amendment

80
Q

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION - BILL OF RIGHTS & RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS: Which amendment guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil suits?

A

7th Amendment

81
Q

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION - BILL OF RIGHTS & RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS: Which amendment states that the people have rights other than those specifically mentioned in the Constitution?

A

9th Amendment

82
Q

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION - BILL OF RIGHTS & RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS: Which amendment states that powers not given to the federal government belong to the states?

A

10th Amendment

83
Q

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION - BILL OF RIGHTS & RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS: Which amendment guarantees citizenship and rights to all people born or naturalized in the United States?

A

14th Amendment

84
Q

SUPREME COURT CASES: [BLANK] vs. [BLANK] was the 1803 Court decision that gave the Supreme Court the right to determine whether a law violates the Constitution. It set up the principle of judicial review.

A

Marbury vs. Madison

85
Q

SUPREME COURT CASES: [BLANK] VS. [BLANK] was the Supreme Court decision that said slaves were property and not citizens.

A

Dred Scott vs. Sandford

86
Q

INVENTIONS: What was the invention by Eli Whitney that speeded the cleaning of cotton fibers and in effect, increased the need for slaves?

A

The cotton gin

87
Q

INVENTIONS: What invention by Robert Fulton revolutionized transportation and trade in the United States?

A

The steam engine

8th Grade History TAKS Review (1 decks)

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