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Biology DrW > 8.5 Translation > Flashcards

8.5 Translation Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the bases for the start codon on the mRNA molecule?

A

AUG

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2
Q

If the base sequence on a mRNA molecule is AUG,GGC,ACU,UCG. What is the tRNA molecule base sequence?

A

UAC,CCG,UGA,AGC.

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3
Q

In which organelle does translation occur in prokaryotes?

A

Ribosome

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4
Q

In which organelle does translation occur in eukaryotes?

A

Ribosome

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5
Q

What is the end product of translation?

A

A polypeptide chain

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6
Q

What are the differences between the structure of mRNA and tRNA?

A

tRNA: *clover shaped,

       * has specific base pairings,
       * hydrogen bonds between specific base pairs,
       * has an anticodon,
       * have an amino acid binding site

mRNA: *straight long chain,

         * no base pairing,
         * no hydrogen bonds,
         * has codons (aka base triplets)
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7
Q

What carries the amino acid to the ribosomes?

A

tRNA

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8
Q

What does tRNA stand for?

A

Transfer Ribonucleic Acid

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9
Q

Which part of the tRNA molecule pairs with the mRNA codons?

A

The anticodon

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10
Q

Once two tRNA molecule have brought their amino acids to the ribosome, what happens next?

A

A peptide bond forms between the two amino acids causing the first tRNA to leave the ribosome and attach to another amino acid.

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11
Q

What determines the order in which amino acids are linked?

A

DNA base sequence/Order of codons on the gene/mRNA.

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12
Q

What is the chain of amino acids called?

A

A Polypeptide chain.

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13
Q

A mRNA molecule has 64 codons but only 63 amino acids are in the polypeptide chain, how come?

A

One of the codons on the mRNA molecule is a stop codon. So an amino acid is not coded for here. This causes for there to be 1 less amino acid than the number of mRNA codons.

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14
Q

How are identical polypeptides formed?

A

Many ribosomes pass immediately behind the first ribosome so the polypeptides can be assembled simultaneously.

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15
Q

What do genes precisely determine?

A

The proteins a cell manufactures.

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16
Q

Explain how genes control a cells activity?

A

Genes determine the order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. Enzymes are a type of protein so are made from genes. Enzymes help carry out the cells activities so genes effectively control the cell’s activities.

17
Q

If the anticodon on a tRNA molecule is GAU, what is the base sequence on the DNA molecule?

A

GAT

18
Q

What are the 4 bases on a mRNA molecule?

A

Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine
Uracil

19
Q

What are the 4 bases on a DNA molecule?

A

Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine
Thymine

20
Q

What base is on a DNA molecule but not a mRNA and tRNA molecule?

A

Thymine

21
Q

What is Thymine replaced with in the mRNA and tRNA molecule?

A

Uracil

Biology DrW (4 decks)

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