84 Flashcards
Critical thinking is the ability to ……………… a healthy skepticism toward any information presented as fact.
develop
Which can be a characteristic of critical thinkers?
They distinguish between fact and opinion.
………………… defined as the tendency to generate or recognaze ideas, alternatives, or possibilites that may be useful in solving problems, communicating with others, and entertaining ourselves and others.………………… defined as the tendency to generate or recognaze ideas, alternatives, or possibilites that may be useful in solving problems, communicating with others, and entertaining ourselves and others.
creativity
Which choice cannot be considered as benefits of critical thinking in the workplace?
cause false decisions.
Why are people motivated to be creative?
They need for novel, varied and complex stimulation.
The creative process include in step 1: opportunity or problem recognition, in step 2: immersion, in step 3: incubation, in step 4: insight and in step 5:……………………. Fill in the blank please.
verification
Persistence, self-confidence, independence, attraction to complexity, tolerance of ambiguity…. Please identify below the person whose characteristics mentioned above?
creative people
Which choice represents four types of innovation?
invention-extension-duplication-synthesis
………………………. thinking is based on patterns.
Normal
Our mind …………………………… incoming information into patterns beginning from a young age.
self-organizes
Patterns of information become more rigid: they become …………………………… as we get older.
paradigms
Which is not a paradigm characteristic?
It is generative, moving from one concept to another.
Which can be a creative thinking characteristic?
it does not attempt to prove anything, just explore and discover
……………………………… means to think differently, unconventionally or from a new perspective
outside the box thinking
Normal thinking chooses, selects, judges, stable and continues whereas creative thinking generates, does not judge, moves and ………………..?
discontinues
Which complete George Bernard Shaw’s quotation? «You see things and you say, Why? but I dream things that never were and I say, ‘…………………………’?
why not
It is a type of creativity. It deals with spontaneous creations.
primary
It is a type of creativity it aims at finding out improvement in a process so as to improve efficiency.
technical
Which completes best the following creative process sequence? Preparation, Incubation, Insight, Evaluation, ……………………………
elaboration
Which profession needs creative ideas more?
business managers
How does the creative process start?
preparation
Successful creations are preceded by investigation and information gathering. It can be achieved by gathering information from journal by attending meeting semiras etc… What stage of creative process is defined above?
preparation
…………………… can be described as the discovery of something that is novel but also useful or relavant or economical, value.
creativity
Which of the following people cannot be considered creative?
Neil Armstrong
Who was discussed this week?
Henry Ford
What was Henry Ford famous for?
introduction of Fordist production system in 1910.
What was discussed as ways of thinking this week?
six thinking hats
Marketplace is driven by emergent technology and new consumer behaviours. In this environment what do CEO and other business leaders need for?
innovation
What does white hat refer to?
stating the facts
What does green hat refer to?
stating creative ideas
What does yellow hat refer to?
stating positive aspects
What does black hat refer to?
stating negative aspects
What is referred by the term ‘blue ocean’. It is an ………………
European markets
How do companies gain high growth and profit?
by creating new demand
What is referred by the term ‘red ocean’
conventional markets
According to blue ocean strategy which can not be considered as a path?
look across new competitors
What can be an alternative industry for Swatch watches?
fashion
What can be an alternative industry for Swatch watches?
glass
What do innovations meet according to the innovation sandbox defined by C.K. Prahalad?
4 must conditions
If innovations meet 4 must conditions, which suits best for them in the below options?
innovations become products or services of world class quality
Which is one of the creative problem solving techniques?
brainstorming
Which one is not one of the creative problem solving techniques?
feedback approach
………………… can be defined as encouraging group members to spell out maximum number of possible solutions of a specific or stated problem.
brain storming
………………… can be defined as understanding a product or process’s components and their associated costs. It is a cost reduction and problem solving technique that analyzes an existing product or service in order to reduce or eliminate any cost that do not contribute to value of performance.
value analysis
Which can not be a component of value analysis
operation
………………….. refers to collecting the basic information required for the process and various stages at which value addition is possible in process. Please identify the phase/stage of value analysis process stated in the above definition.
orientation/preparation
Which can be the best advantage of brain storming?
it brings forth novel and different ideas
Brain storming, heuristic, synectics and value analysis are used in creative problem solving? Which one of them is used in group and collective levels to create ideas?
brain-storming
A business opportunity, therefore is the chance to do something differently and the better. …………………………. İs the way of doing something differently and better.
innovation
What are the production factors? All goods are regarded as being made up of three factors.
nature raw materials, physical and mental labor and capital
While ………………… can be defined as an item offered by an organization, …………………………….is an act which is offered to undertake a particular task to solve a praticular problem.
product/service
Who offered starting an entrepreneurial venture-either within an established company or as an independent small business should monitor seven sources of innovative opportunity in his book titled as «Innovation and Entrepreneurship»?
Peter Drucker
Which innovative opportunity exist in social environment according to Peter Drucker?
demographics
Aydın Company is a new venture in Fast Food Industry. They want to gain competitive advantage by using a new brand aiming at young people who constitute a large share in the population. Which innovative opportunity is this company wants to use according to Peter Drucker?
demographics
Which is not a theory of innovation?
Okun’s Law
What do waves refer to in innovation theories ?
high sectoral growth (expansion) and slower growth (recession) in economy
…………………….. is the process where previous innovations are replaced by newer innovations as defined by Joseph Schumpeter. These new innovations cause elimination of older industries.
creative destruction
Which technology caused creative destruction for telecommunication industry?
internet
………………… willing and able to convert a new idea or invention into a successful innovation. What is defined above (based on Schumpeter’s ideas)
entrepreneur
…………………….. systematically searches for change, responds to it and exploits opportunity. What is defined above (based on Peter Drucker’s ideas)
entrepreneur
……………………..= creativity + innovation Please complete the formula.
entrepreneurship
……………………… is the ability to develop new ideas and to discover new ways of looking at problems and opportunities.
creativity
………………… is the ability to apply creative solutions to those problems and opportunities in order to enhance people’s lives or to enrich society.
innovation
………………………… defined as the birth of new business within an existing organization, i.e., internal innovation or venturing; and the transformation of organization thorough renewal of the key ideas on wish they are built, i.e. strategic renewal.
corporate entrepreneurship
Factory X is operational in the field of iron and steel industry. They want to increase their turnover and assign some of its engineers to research and find ways of establishing new business in the construction industry which they think they can gain competitive advantage. Please find below the type of entrepreneurship defined above.
corporate entrepreneurship
Factory X started its new business in the field of construction. They did not transform all their production capacity into the new business field but instead they started an new company. What kind of corporate entrepreneurship is this?
independent business unit
Factory X decided to minimize its new business in construction industry they called all their employees to their former positions and created a small business unit in the old factory. What kind of corporate entrepreneurship is this?
special business unit
Factory X decided to minimize its new business in construction industry they called all their employees to their former positions and made an aggreement with another company to do their necessary business operations in the field of construction. What kind of corporate entrepreneurship is this?
contracting
Critical thinking method to evaluate the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a project or business venture.
SWOT
Which are the internal characteristics of an organization?
strengths and weaknesses
Which puts an organizations superior characteristics compared to its rivals?
strengths
Which puts an organizations inferior characteristics compared to its rivals?
weaknesses
Which states the risks related to an organization’s position in the market?
threats
Factory X is in the IT industry. It has several engineers with high technological skills. Where can we position this characteristic?
strengths
Factory X is in the IT industry. It has several distribution channels and the organization can use them very efficiently. Where can we position this characteristic?
strengths
Factory X is in the IT industry. It has the problem of changing customer tastes. Every year the company spends a lot on desingning new products. Where can we position this characteristic?
threats
What is the average R&D spending of countries of their gross domestic product?
2-3%
……………………….. is the purposeful and systematic use of scientific knowledge to improve man’s lot even though some of its manifestations do not meet with universal approval (Twiss, 1992)
R&D
R&D in Business is critical for marketing. What do R&D activities give organizations?
competitive advantage
Which can be the most important R&D industry?
Information and communication technologies (ICT)
Which is a high-tech firm that is specialized in transportation and space industry?
Space X
Research can be classified as knowledge and concepts, basic research, applied research, development and technical service, physical product. In which one we can finally see the planned product or service?
physical product
Why is R&D important for businesses in the competitive markets ?
It is crucial for survival
How do universities contribute in R&D work?
They provide fundamental and basic research.
