8.3.4 pengpid Flashcards
what is the aim of pengpid’s study?
to assess the effectiveness of screening and brief intervention in reducing harmful alcohol use in hospital outpatients in south africa
what is the iv in pengpid’s study?
allocation to intervention or control group
what is the dv in pengpid’s study?
the outcome of a questionnaire (AUDIT) assessing alcohol use
describe the sample used in pengpid’s study
392 outpatients who were identified as ‘hazardous drinkers’
men who scored 8-19 and women who scored 7-19 (out of 40)
who was excluded from pengpid’s study?
Pps were excluded if
- already receiving alcohol treatment
- those with mental impairment or were pregnant
- people who scored 20 on AUDIT as alcohol use was more problematic
they were referred elsewhere
describe the procedure used in pengpid’s study
RCT with 6 and 12-month follow-ups into the effectiveness of a brief intervention to reduce alcohol use
a computer-generated sequence of random number was used to allocate equal number of participants (196) to either the intervention or control group
- intervention participants received one 20-minute counselling session on reducing their alcohol use. this included individual feedback on AUDIT scores, a leaflet and advice on reducing drinking
- control pps received a health education leaflet on responsible drinking
team who analysed the data were blind - didn’t know which pps were allocated to which group
pps offered 6 and 12 month follow up app
Reassessed by Researcher 1 using AUDIT (Researcher 1 was blind to which intervention they had had)
how many pps in pengpid’s study attended the 12 month follow-up?
282 pps attended the 12 month follow up
State the findings of your contemporary study (clinical)
Both groups showed a significant reduction in mean AUDIT scores over time (Intervention - 12.0 to 7.2) (Control - 11.3 to 7.3)
No effect of intervention type - the reduction in scores was not significantly greater for one group or another (Intervention - 7.2 and Control - 7.3 after 12 months)
describe the conclusions of pengpid’s study
- health education is sufficient to create behaviour change in those with hazardous and harmful drinking.
- the process of undergoing alcohol screening, in addition to being given health information, might cause a reduction in drinking.
- the intervention was not found to have made a difference by itself.
evaluate the generalisability of your health contemporary study
P - There is a lack of generalisability as a small sample was used and it was ethnocentric.
E - For example, only 392 participants took part but this was a reduced to 282 for the 12 month follow up review, also this took place in South Africa and removed those who are vulnerable (mental health disorders or those already receiving treatment)
T - Therefore results will be unrepresentative of those suffering with alcohol problems in different countries and cultures such as the UK or Netherlands.
evaluate the reliability of your health contemporary study
P - High reliability
E - For example, there was no selection bias in who had the treatment because patients were randomly assigned to the control group or the treatment group using sealed envelopes
T - Therefore the study can be replicated with another sample to check for consistent results
evaluate the application of your health contemporary study
P - Application to real life
E - For example it can help to significantly reduce the amount of alcohol individuals are consuming each week which can also improve their overall quality of life and health as well
T - Therefore this is a strength as it will financially benefit the NHS and police, positive impact overall
evaluate the validity of your health contemporary study
P - Low internal validity due to self-report
E - Some participants may not have been accurate or honest, they may have underestimated their use, others may have wanted to give a false impression. This is especially likely given the personally sensitive nature of the questions about alcohol consumption
T - Therefore this seriously undermines the conclusions about the effectiveness of the intervention
evaluate the ethics of your health contemporary study
P - Ethics were upheld as the principle of protection of harm was adhered to
E - For example the participants were screened to remove those with mental health disorders and those who are pregnant or who scored 20 on AUDIT as alcohol use, also informed consent was gathered as well
T - Therefore this is a strength as the participants had the right to withdraw (some didn’t turn up to 12 month follow up session) and they were protected from harm as well
