8.3 Nucleotides Flashcards
What is dna built from
Molecules called nucleotides
In dna what is the Pentose sugar called
Deoxyribose
In RNA what is the Pentose sugar called
Ribose
In DNA nucleotides, what are the 4 bases called
-adenine
-thymine
-Guanine
-cytosine
Which bases are purines
Adenine and guanine
Which bases are pyrimidines
Thymine and cytosine
Which bases does RNA contain
-adenine
-cytosine
-guanine
-uracil
Which base does RNA not contain
Thymine
What is in the centre of a nucleotide
A pentose sugar
What is attached to the right of the pentose sugar in a nucleotide
A nitrogenous base (a nitrogen containing base)
What is attached to the left of the pentose sugar in the nucleotide
A negatively charged phosphate group
What are all the elements nucleotides contain
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus
What is the structure of a purine
Double ringed
What is the structure of a pyrimidine
A single ring structure
What’s the bond between two nucleotides called
A phosphodiester bond
What type of reaction occurs as a phosphodiester bond forms
A condensation reaction
What is the molecule formed called when two nucleotides bond
Dinucleotide
How would you break a phosphodiester bond
By adding water (hydrolysis)
What are two examples of polynucleotides
DNA and RNA
Where does the phosphodiester bond form
Between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl group on carbon 3 of the other nucleotide
