8.2 Cell respiration Flashcards
Outline Glycolysis.
In the cytoplasm, glucose gets phosphorylated using ATP, forming 2 triose phosphates. Then they react with 2 NAD+ and 4ADP to form 2NADH and 4ATP and 2 pyruvate. Since Hydrogen is removed from the triose phospates, they are oxidised.
Where does anaerobic respiration stop?
It stops after Glycolysis and the pyruvate transforms into lactic acids in animals and CO2 and ethanol in plants.
Where does the link reaction take place?
In the mitochondria/ in the matrix
Outline the link reaction.
The pyruvate and NADH enter the mitochondria. Enzymes in the matrix remove one CO2 (decarboxylation) and one Hydrogen (oxidation) from pyruvate. The Hydrogen is accepted by NAD, forming NADH. The remaining parts of the pyruvate is an Acetyl group and it combines with an enzyme to from Acetyl-CoA.
What do you call the removal of CO2? What do you call the removal of H? What do you call adding an electron?
CO2: decarboxylation
H: oxydation
e-: reduction
What is the link reaction in general?
Oxidative decarboxylation
Outline the Krebs cycle.
A 4C molecule combines with acetyl CoA. Then it gives off H and CO2 twice, while reducing NAD to NADH. Then it converts ADP to ATP. Then it converts FAD to FADH2 and NAD+ to NADH, and then the cycle begins a new.
How many Krebs cycle turns are there for 1 glucose?
1 glucose makes up for 2 Krebs cycles.
Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur?
In the christae/ inner membrane of the mitochondria
Outline the Electron Transport Chain.
The NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons to the ETC. As the electrons move through proteins, they give them their energy, and they use it to pump H across the membrane. This establishes a concentration gradient, so as the H moves down the concentration gradient through the ATP synthase, 32 ATPs are made overall.
What is the Electron Transport Chain generally?
Oxydative Phosphorylation
What is the overall net gain of cellular respiration?
36 ATPs
What happens to the electrons after they passed through the ETC?
they form water with hydrogen and oxygen
What can electron tomography do?
It can produce a 3D image of, say, mitochondria
