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Module 8 > 8.2 > Flashcards

8.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the continuity equation and what does it state?

A

V1 x A1 = V2 x A2

The speed of the airflow is inversely proportional to the area of the cross section of the tube

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2
Q

What is meant by Diffuser outlet?

A

When the diameter of the tube increases and the speed decreases

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3
Q

What is meant by Jet outlet?

A

When the diameter of the tube decreases and the speed increases

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4
Q

What does Bernoulli’s principle state?

A

The total pressure if the sum of the static and dynamic pressures

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5
Q

What is the point of stagnation?

A

The point at the leading edge where there is no speed of airflow and the static pressure is equal to the total pressure

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6
Q

What is up-wash?

A

Where some streamlines slope upwards in front of the wing and pass over the top

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7
Q

What is down-wash?

A

Where streamlines of the upper surface flow downwards when leaving the wing at the trailing edge

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8
Q

What is the Magnus effect?

A

Where a cylinder is spun and generates lift by increasing speed on the upper surface and decreasing speed on the lower surface

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9
Q

What is a profile?

A

A cross section of a wing (aerofoil)

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10
Q

What is the Chord?

A

A straight line connecting the leading edge and the trailing edge

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11
Q

What is the mean camber line?

A

The line drawn half way between the upper and the lower surfaces of the profile

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12
Q

What is the camber?

A

The displacement of the mean camber line from the chord line

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13
Q

What is the Fineness ratio?

A

The maximum thickness of the profile as a fraction

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14
Q

What is the flight path velocity?

A

The speed of the aircraft in a certain direction through the air

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15
Q

What is the relative wind?

A

The speed and direction of the air acting on the aircraft

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16
Q

What is the angle of attack?

A

The angle between the chord line of the profile and the relative wind

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17
Q

What is the equation of wing area?

A

Wing span x chord of the wing

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18
Q

What is the taper ratio equation?

A

Chord tip / chord root

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19
Q

What is the aspect ratio equation?

A

Wing span / average chord

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20
Q

What are the 2 aerodynamic forces?

A

Lift and drag

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21
Q

What is the centre of pressure?

A

The point where all pressures and all forces act

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22
Q

What variables can change the lift and drag?

A

Dynamic pressure

Surface area

Shape

Angle of attack

23
Q

What is the equation for theoretical lift?

A

1/2 x p x V2 x A

24
Q

How do you measure lift and drag?

A

Through a wind tunnel

25
Q

Wha is the equation for the coefficient of lift?

A

Measured lift / theoretical lift

26
Q

What does the polar (Lilienthal) diagram show?

A

The most efficient angle of attack

27
Q

What are the 3 categories of drag?

A

Induced drag

Parasite drag

Compressible drag

28
Q

What is induced drag?

A

Drag on the wing caused by the lift

29
Q

What is parasite drag?

A

It can be form drag caused by the distribution of pressure, friction drag or interference drag

30
Q

What is compressible drag?

A

Caused by the shockwaves on an aircraft approaching the speed of sound

31
Q

What is form drag?

A

A parasite drag caused by the pressure distribution on a body

32
Q

What is friction drag?

A

A type of parasite drag, the lower the friction drag, the higher the form drag

33
Q

What are the 2 types of boundary layer?

A

Turbulent and laminar

34
Q

What is the laminar boundary layer?

A

It’s immediately downstream of the leading edge

35
Q

What is the turbulent boundary layer?

A

It’s downstream of the laminar boundary layer

36
Q

What is interference drag?

A

The difference of the sum of the drags and the total drag on the wing strut and the engine

37
Q

How can interference drag be reduced?

A

By fairings

38
Q

When does compressible drag occur?

A

During transonic and supersonic flight

39
Q

Why is compressible drag caused?

A

By shockwaves on an aircraft approaching the speed of sound

40
Q

Why is compressible drag not present in subsonic flight?

A

The aircraft is travelling too slow

41
Q

What is total drag?

A

A combination of induced drag and parasite drag

42
Q

What are the 4 types of wing shape?

A

Elliptical

Rectangular

Tapered

Swept

43
Q

Which part of an elliptical wing stalls first?

A

The whole wing stalls at the same time due to a constant down wash behind the wing

44
Q

Which part of a rectangular wing stalls first?

A

The root stalls first followed by the tip due to a larger downwash at the tip than the root

45
Q

Which part of a tapered wing stalls first?

A

The tip stalls first due to an increased downwash towards the root

46
Q

Which part of a swept wing stalls first?

A

The tip stalls first

47
Q

What makes a geometrically twisted wing?

A

When the camber of the profile is constant across the wingspan but the angle of incidence is greater at the root than the tip

48
Q

What makes an aerodynamically twisted wing?

A

The camber of the profile is greater at the root than the tip and the angle of incidence is constant across the wing

49
Q

What does MAC mean?

A

Mean aerodynamic chord

50
Q

What happens in a wing root stall?

A

Aircraft goes to nose down position

Loses altitude

Speed increases

Aircraft recovers with no pilot input

51
Q

What happens during a wing tip stall?

A

Aircraft goes to nose up

Angle of attack increases

Pilot input is needed to control aircraft

52
Q

What do wing fences do?

A

Keep the air particles going in a straight line to control the boundary layer

53
Q

What is a vortex generator used for?

A

To improve boundary layer control by producing lift

Module 8 (1 decks)

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