8.2 (13) Flashcards
Cytoplasm
In eukaryotic cells, all cellular contents outside the nucleus; in prokaryotic, cells all of the cells contents.
Holds all components in place.
Organelle
Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell.
Ribosome
Cell organelle, consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis.
Protein synthesis (made of proteins)
Endoplasmic reticulum
Internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of cell membrane are assembled.
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids into a vessel.
Organelle and cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the wall.
Vacuole
Cell organelle that stores materials, such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Lysosome
(Think of Lysol breaking down “germs”)
Cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.
Cytoskeleton
Network of protein, filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell and shape and internal organization.
Chloroplast
Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organism that captures the energy from sunlight and converts into chemical energy.
Mitochondria
Cell organelle that converts to chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
Cell wall
Strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells.
Lipid bilayer
Flexible, double layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cells and its surroundings.
Selectively permeable
Property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane.
