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C8- PERIODICITY > 8.1- THE PERIODIC TABLE > Flashcards

8.1- THE PERIODIC TABLE Flashcards

1
Q

What is the periodic table?

A

list of all elements in order of increasing atomic number

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2
Q

How can you predict the properties of an element from the periodic table?

A

from its position in the table

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3
Q

What can you use the periodic table to explain? (2)

A

similarities of certain elements and trends in properties, in terms of their electronic configuration

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4
Q

Two forms that the periodic table had been written in?

A

spiral and pyramid

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5
Q

On what side are the non-metals on the periodic table?

A

right

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6
Q

On what side are the metals on the periodic table?

A

left

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7
Q

What separates the metals and the non-metals on the periodic table?

A

‘staircase’ line

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8
Q

What are the properties of elements that touch the staircase line on the periodic table like?

A

have combination of metallic and non-metallic properties

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9
Q

Example of an element that touches the ‘staircase’ line on the periodic table?

A

silicon

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10
Q

What are elements that touch the ‘staircase’ line on the periodic table called?

A

metalloids or semi-metals

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11
Q

How is silicon a metalloid/ semi-metal?

A

it’s a non-metal but it looks quite shiny and conducts electricity, although not as well as a metal

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12
Q

What are s-block elements?

A

elements that have their highest energy electrons in s-orbitals

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13
Q

What are p-block elements?

A

elements that have their highest energy electrons in p-orbitals

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14
Q

What are d-block elements?

A

elements that have their highest energy electrons in d-orbitals

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15
Q

Strictly speaking are transition metals and d-block elements exactly the same?

A

no

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16
Q

Why are scandium and zinc not transition metals?

A

they don’t form any compounds in which they have partly filled d-orbitals, which is a characteristic of transition metals

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17
Q

What do elements give out when they are heated?

A

light energy at certain wavelengths, as excited electrons fall back from one energy level to a lower one

18
Q

When light energy at certain wavelength are given out when elements are heated what does this cause? (hint spectrum)

A

line to appear in spectrum of light they give out

19
Q

What do the letters s, p, d, and f stand for when used to describe lines on spectrum?

A
  • s sharp
  • p principal
  • d diffuse
  • f fine
20
Q

What is a group on the periodic table?

A

vertical column of elements

21
Q

What do elements in the same group form?

A

chemical family- have similar properties

22
Q

What do elements in the same group have the same number of?

A

same number of electrons in the outer main level

23
Q

In the s-block elements how does reactivity change going down the group?

A

get more reactive going down the group

24
Q

On the right of the periodic table how does reactivity change going down the group?

A

elements tend to get more reactive going up a group

25
Q

What are the transition metals? (reactivity)

A

block of rather unreactive metals

26
Q

Where are most useful metals found?

A

transition metals block

27
Q

What are lanthanides?

A

metals which are not often encountered

28
Q

What charge ions do lanthanides tend to form in their compounds?

A

all tend to form +3 ions in their compounds

29
Q

What is the reactivity of all the lanthanides like?

A

broadly similar reactivity

30
Q

What are actinides?

A

radioactive metals

31
Q

What are the only actinides that occur naturally in the Earth’s crust in anything more than trace quantities? (2)

A

thorium and uranium

32
Q

What are periods in the periodic table?

A

horizontal rows of elements

33
Q

What trends are their going across a period?

A

trends in physical properties and chemical behaviour

34
Q

Where is helium usually placed above on the periodic table?

A

above the noble gases

35
Q

Why is helium usually placed above the noble gases on the periodic table?

A

because of its properties

36
Q

Why shouldn’t helium be placed above the noble gases on the periodic table?

A

it’s not a p-block element- its electronic arrangement is 1s2

37
Q

Where is hydrogen sometimes placed on the periodic table?

A

above group 1

38
Q

Where is hydrogen often placed on the periodic table?

A

on its own

39
Q

What is the only way that hydrogen and group 1 elements are similar?

A

hydrogen usually forms singly charged +1 (H+) ions like group 1 elements

40
Q

Other than hydrogen and group 1 elements both forming +1 ions, why are group 1 elements and hydrogen not similar?

A

group 1 elements are reactive metals and hydrogen is a gas

41
Q

Why is hydrogen sometimes placed above the halogens?

A

as it can form H- ions and also bond covalently

C8- PERIODICITY (4 decks)

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