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Module 8 (Mac) > 8.1 Physics of the Atmosphere > Flashcards

8.1 Physics of the Atmosphere Flashcards

1
Q

What is the SI system?

A

Based on the metric system and must be used as law throughout the world

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2
Q

What are the four fundamental units in aerodynamics?

A

Mass
Length
Time
Temperature

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3
Q

What is the unit of measurement for mass and how is it denoted?

A

Kilograms (Kg)

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4
Q

What is 1Kg measured against?

A

1 kilogram is also the volume of one litre of pure water at a temperature of 4° Celsius

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5
Q

What is constant for astronauts in space; Weight or Mass?

A

Mass as weight is varied by gravity

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6
Q

What is the unit of measurement for Length and how is it denoted?

A

Meteres (m)

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7
Q

What year was the metre introduced and by whom?

A

French Government, 1790

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8
Q

How is a metre defined?

A

A certain number of wavelengths of a particular colour of light.

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9
Q

What is the unit of measurement for Time and how is it denoted?

A

Seconds (s)

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10
Q

How is a second defined?

A

A fraction of the unchangeable speed of light.

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11
Q

What is the unit of measurement for Temperature and how is it denoted?

A

Kelvin (K)

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12
Q

What are the 6 basic quantities?

A 
Speed
Acceleration
Power
Pressure 
Force 
Work
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13
Q

What is the unit of measurement for Speed and how is it denoted?

A

Velocity (v)

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14
Q

How do you calculate acceleration?

A

Time

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15
Q

What is the unit of measurement for Acceleration and how is it denoted?

A

a (M/s*2)

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16
Q

What is the unit of measurement for Acceleration due to Gravity and how is it denoted?

A

G (9.8m/s*2)

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17
Q

What happens to persons weight if they are moving in an elevator with a constant velocity?

A

No change in weight

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18
Q

What happens to persons weight if they are moving in an elevator which accelerates when moving up?

A

As the elevator accelerates, there is an additional force which increases the weight

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19
Q

What is Newtons second law?

A

F=ma

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20
Q

How do you calculate weight, and what is its’s units?

A

W=mg

Unit - Newtons

21
Q

How do you calculate work done, and what is its’s units?

A

Work = N x m

Work is denoted by Joule (J) and is measured in Newton metres

22
Q

How do you calculate Power, and what is its’s units?

A

Power = Force x Distance/ Time

Denoted by Watts

23
Q

How do you calculate Pressure, and what is its’s units?

A

Pressure = Force/ Area

Pascal (Pa)

24
Q

What is static pressure?

A

Static pressure acts equally in all directions. It is denoted by a small “p” and measured in Newtons per square metre.

25
Q

How do you calculate static pressure?

A

Height x density x gravity.

26
Q

What is dynamic pressure?

A

Dynamic pressure acts only in the direction of the flow. It is denoted by a small q and is sometimes called “q” pressure.

27
Q

How do you calculate dynamic pressure?

A

1/2 x density x v*2

28
Q

What is static pressure denoted by?

A

Bar and measured in deca-Newtons per square centimetre.

29
Q

What is 1 Bar equal to in Pascal?

A

100 000 Pascal.

30
Q

What are sound waves the same as?

A

Pressure Waves

31
Q

What is the speed of sound denoted by?

A

Small “a”

32
Q

What is the formula for the speed of sound?

A

20 x Square root of Temperature

33
Q

What is the constant in the speed of sound equation?

A

20

34
Q

Is the speed of sound is lower at high altitudes?

A

Lower because the temperature is lower.

35
Q

What is the pressure wave known as when an aircraft hits Mach 1?

A

Shockwave

36
Q

How is Mach calculated?

A

Speed of the aircraft/ Speed of sound.

37
Q

What are the three sound regions which are de ned by the Mach numbers?

A

Subsonic
Transonic
Supersonic

38
Q

What speed is included in the Transonic region?

A

Critical Mach Number to Mach 1.3

39
Q

What layer of the atmosphere has clouds and rain and many different weather conditions?

A

Troposphere

40
Q

What is unique about the stratosphere in regards to temperature?

A

Temperature does not change as the altitude increases.

41
Q

What height is the Tropopause over the poles?

A

8km

42
Q

What height is the Tropopause over the equator?

A

16km

43
Q

What does ISA stand for?

A

ICAO Standard Atmosphere

44
Q

Who created the standard atmosphere?

A

ICAO

45
Q

What is the standard altitude for the Tropopause?

A

11km

46
Q

How is the change of temperature calculated in the stratosphere?

A

There is no change in temperature in the stratosphere

47
Q

How are density and pressure impacted by altitude

A

The density and pressure gradually decrease with altitude

48
Q

What is the standard temperature of the tropopause?

A

-56.5 Celsius

49
Q

Under standard conditions what does the temperature vary with at increasing altitude?

A

6.5 celsius per km

Module 8 (Mac) (3 decks)

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