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Mod 8 basic aerodynamics > 8.1 Physics Of The Athomsphere > Flashcards

8.1 Physics Of The Athomsphere Flashcards

1
Q

What are mixed gasses known as?

A

Air

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2
Q

What does the stratosphere comprise of?

A

21% oxygen
78% nitrogen
1% other gasses

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3
Q

The composition of air remains relatively consistent as altitude increases but what happens to pressure?

A

It decreases

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4
Q

The pressure level of each part of the mixture is proportional to what?

A

To mass contribution

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5
Q

Is the air compressible?

A

Yes

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6
Q

What does the air compressibility allow for?

A

Allows density to vary with pressure and temperature

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7
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

A giant mass of air that turns together with the earth

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8
Q

The atmosphere has what shape?

A

Concentric shape

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9
Q

What is the average height of the atmosphere?

A

760KM

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10
Q

What are the 5 main regions of the atmosphere?

A

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere

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11
Q

Where does the troposphere start and where does it extend?

A

Starts at earths surface and extends 8 to 14.5 kilometres high (5-9 miles)

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12
Q

Where do most light and turboprop aircraft fly?

A

In the troposphere
Where there is the most water Vapor
Most cloud formation

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13
Q

What movement happens in the troposphere and why?

A

Vertical movement
Warm air rise
Cold air decrease
Direct consequence of solar heating

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14
Q

What is the tropopause?

A

Thermodynamic gradient layer
Marks end of troposphere
Approx 17 kilometres (9 miles) above equatorial regions

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15
Q

What is the average altitude of the tropopause?

A

11KM (36000ft)

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16
Q

Where is the regular cursing altitude of modern jet aircraft?

A

The tropopause

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17
Q

Why is the troposphere more favourable for cursing altitude?

A

The air is thinner
Has less drag
Higher fuel efficancey
Above most weather turbulences

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18
Q

The tropopause is a boundary layer between what and can also be called what?

A

Between troposphere and stratosphere
Be described as isothermal layer - the temp is constant through

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19
Q

what is the temperature constant at in the stratosphere?

A

-56.5 degrease Celsius

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20
Q

why is the stratosphere favorable for cursing?

A

because it can avoid all weather

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21
Q

what do many aircraft do in the stratosphere?

A

they cruse here

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22
Q

in the stratosphere the temperature does not vary with what?

A

temperature does not vary significantly with altitude

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23
Q

where does the stratosphere start and where does it extend to?

A

starts above the troposphere are extends 50KM (30 miles)

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24
Q

what does the stratosphere contain?

A

a protective ozone layer

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25
Q

the stratosphere is to dry for what?

A

to dry for clouds

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26
Q

what could penetrate the stratosphere?

A

vigorous thunderstorms can penetrate

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27
Q

what are the properties of the atmosphere?

A

aircraft flight is highly influences by quantity of air mass it operates in
kea factors are pressure, temperature, density, humidity

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28
Q

what are particles pulled to the center of the earth by?

A

gravity

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29
Q

what is the unit of pressure?

A

pascals (Pa)

30
Q

what is the equation for atmospheric pressure?

A

P = F / A
p - pressure
F - force
A - exerted on surface area

31
Q

when does air have grater pressure compared to what distance from it?

A

has grater pressure at sea level than it does at 10KM

32
Q

what is pressure at sea level said to be?

A

1013.25hPa

33
Q

what is 1 atmosphere in pascals, hectopascals, millimeters of mercury, inches of mercury, pound per square inch?

A

101325Pa
1013.25hPa
760mmHg
29.92mHg
14.7psi

34
Q

what is atmospheric temperature?

A

temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy of monocles

35
Q

what does actual atmospheric temperature equal to?

A

outside air

36
Q

when does the temperature of air change?

A

changes with height due to convection

37
Q
A
38
Q

when is atmospheric temperature stable and what is the temperature?

A

stable at 36,000ft at -56.5 degree Celsius

39
Q

what is atmospheric density?

A

mass per unit volume

40
Q

what does density generally describe?

A

amount of mass pulled in to a space

41
Q

what is the equation for density?

A

p = m / v
p - density
m - mass
v - volume

42
Q

density and pressure are proportional but what changes with height?

A

they are inversely proportional to height

43
Q

when would density decrease?

A

as temperature increases

44
Q

what is less dense walm air or cool air?

A

walm air

45
Q

what does air density vary with?

A

relative humidity

46
Q

what is relative humidity a measure of?

A

the amount of water present in the air compared to the amount of water vapor

47
Q

what happens as humidity increases?

A

air density decreases

48
Q

what happens to relative humidity at 40,000ft?

A

relative humidity decreases but with a 1%-2% increase in altitude

49
Q

humidity is greatly affected by what?

A

temperature

50
Q

what does air density affect?

A

pressure and temperature

51
Q

what s the international standard atmosphere for pressure, density, temperature?

A

pressure - 1013.25hPa
density - 1.225KG/m^3
temperature 288.15K / 15 degree Celsius

52
Q

for ISA air temperature decreases when?

A

with altitude at linier rates

53
Q

for ISA what do temperature pressure and density vary with?

A

the atmosphere

54
Q

variations in atmosphere quantities must be what?

A

must be averaged to a standard

55
Q

in ISA for every 1,000ft what happens?

A

temp drops by 6.5 degree Celsius

56
Q

when there is an increase in altitude up to the tropopause what happens?

A

the temperature, density, pressure and density will decrease

57
Q

pressure decreases with what?

A

decreases with altitude not linier matter

58
Q

what is speed?

A

the distance a moving object covers in a unit of time

59
Q

what is the equation for acceleration?

A

acceleration = change in speed / time

60
Q

what is the equation for force?

A

f = m * a

61
Q

what is acceleration due to?

A

due to earths gravity
(9.8m/s^2)

62
Q

when is work done?

A

when an object is moved over a distance

63
Q

what is the equation for work?

A

work = n * m

64
Q

what is power a measure of?

A

watts

64
Q

what is the equation for power?

A

work over time
d / t

65
Q

sound waves are the same as what?

A

same as pressure waves

66
Q

what is the equation for speed of sound?

A

a = 20 *square root t (m/s)

67
Q

speed of sound depends on what?

A

temperature

68
Q
A
69
Q

when is the speed of sound lower and why?

A

is lower at higher altitudes because temperature is lower

Mod 8 basic aerodynamics (4 decks)

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