8.1 How Memory Functions Flashcards
Memory
the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time
the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time
Memory
Encoding
the input of information into the memory system
the input of information into the memory system.
Encoding
Automatic Processing
the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words
the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words
Automatic Processing
Effortful Processing
the encoding of information that takes effort and attention
the encoding of information that takes effort and attention
Effortful Processing
The Three Types of Encoding
Semantic Encoding, Visual Encoding, and Acoustic Encoding
Semantic Encoding, Visual Encoding, and Acoustic Encoding
The Three Types of Encoding
Semantic Encoding
the encoding of words and their meaning
the encoding of words and their meaning
Semantic Encoding
Visual Encoding
the encoding of images
the encoding of images
Visual Encoding
Acoustic Encoding
the encoding of sounds, words in particular
the encoding of sounds, words in particular
Acoustic Encoding
Self-Reference Effect
the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance
the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance
Self-Reference Effect
Storage
the creation of a permanent record of information
the creation of a permanent record of information
Storage
Sensory Memory
storage of very brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes
storage of very brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes
Sensory Memory
Short-Term Memory (STM)
a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory
a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory
Short-Term Memory (STM)
Rehearsal
moves information from short-term memory to long-term memory
moves information from short-term memory to long-term memory
Rehearsal
Long-Term Memory (LTM)
the continuous storage of information
the continuous storage of information
Long-Term Memory (LTM)
The Two Types of Long-Term Memory
Explicit Memories & Implicit Memories
Explicit Memories & Implicit Memories
The Two Types of Long-Term Memory
Explicit Memories
those we consciously try to remember, recall, and report
those we consciously try to remember, recall, and report
Explicit Memories
Implicit Memories
are long-term memories that are not part of our consciousness
are long-term memories that are not part of our consciousness
Implicit Memories
Semantic Memory
knowledge about words, concepts, language-based knowledge, and facts
knowledge about words, concepts, language-based knowledge, and facts
Semantic Memory
Implicit Procedural Memory
stores information about how to do something, and it is the memory for skilled actions, such as brushing your teeth
stores information about how to do something, and it is the memory for skilled actions, such as brushing your teeth
Implicit Procedural Memory
Long-Term Memory (LTM) Reference
Retrieval
the act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness
the act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness
Retrieval
The Three Types of Retrieval
Recall, Recognition, and Relearning
Recall, Recognition, and Relearning
The Three Types of Retrieval
Recall
accessing information without cues
accessing information without cues
Recall
Recognition
when you identify information that you have previously learned after encountering it again
when you identify information that you have previously learned after encountering it again
Recognition
Relearning
learning information that was previously learned
learning information that was previously learned
Relearning
