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Head and Neck (Semester 5) > 8.1 Anatomy of the Oral Cavity and Tongue > Flashcards

8.1 Anatomy of the Oral Cavity and Tongue Flashcards

1
Q

Lable the teeth indicated on the image and state how many an adult should have total

A 
I = Incisor
C = canine
PM = pre-molars 
M = molars

Adults have up to 32 teeth including incisors,canine, premolars and molars

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2
Q

What 4 structures border the mouth?

A

Hard palate, alveolar processes, teeth and palatal arches

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3
Q

What is indicated by the black arrow?

A

Oral vestibule: this is a narrow area located between cheeks, lips, teeth and alveolar processes

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4
Q

What forms the anterior and posterior boarders of the hard palate?

What covers the entire palate?

A

Formed anteriorly by palatine processes on left and right maxilla and formed posteriorly by the palatine bone

Entire palate covered by mucosa

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5
Q

Where is the hard palate derived from?

A

Most develops from the 1st pharyngeal arch which divides into maxillary and mandibular portion. The hard palate is derived from the maxillary process

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6
Q

Palate develops from fusion of the primary and secondary palate, where do each of these derive from?

A

Primary palate from the Intermaxillary segment (A)

Secondary palate formed by two Palatine Processes from the maxillary prominences (B)

The two palates grow and fuse together at the midline

** C = soft palate

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7
Q

List 2 common abnormalities that result from failure of palates to fuse

List 3 common problems associated with these conditions

A

Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

Result in: abnormal facial appearance, defective speech and trouble feeding

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8
Q

What is Cleft palate?

Give an example of an anterior vs posterior deformity

A

When two palatal shelves fail to meet and fuse with each other at the midline

Anterior deformities = cleft lip

Posterior deformities = cleft uvula

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9
Q

What supplies sensory innervation to the hard palate?

A

The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

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10
Q

What do the greater and lesser palatine nerves innervate?

A

The greater palatine nerve innervates the glandular structures of the hard palate

The lesser palatine nerves innervate the soft palate

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11
Q

What nerve innervates the mucous membrane of the anterior hard palate

A

The nasopalatine nerve (branch of V3)

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12
Q

When the maxillary nerve (V2) exits the pterygopalatine fossa what does it continue as?

A

Infraorbital nerve

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13
Q

What supplies sensation to the lower teeth

A

Inferior Alveolar Nerve which is a branch of V3 (mandibular nerve)

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14
Q

Which 2 foramen are seen on the image of the hard palate?

What nerves passes through each?

A

Incisive canals: nasopalatine nerve

Greater and lesser palantine foramina: greater and lesser palatine nerves

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15
Q

Describe the soft palate

A

Fibromuscular palate that attaches to the posterior hard palate… and hangs posterior and inferior into the oropharynx

Uvula projects inferiorly in midline

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16
Q

Ho do we test movement of the soft palate?

A

During CN testing ➞ ‘Gag reflex’

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17
Q

What is the afferent and efferent branch of the ‘Gag reflex’?

Why is the position of the soft palate tested important?

A

Afferent = CN IX and Motor = CN X

Depending on where we stimulate… the afferent branch may be either CN X (front of palate) OR CN IX (back of palate). Hence, if tested too far forward we are testing CN X

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18
Q

Label the image

A
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19
Q

What two arches are indicated on the image and how are they formed?

Which is the most posterior portion of the soft palate?

A

1st arch = Palatoglossal arch (most posterior portion of soft palate)

2nd arch = Palatopharyngeal arch

Both formed by muscle sitting under mucosa

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20
Q

What marks the boundary between oral cavity and oropharynx?

A

Palatoglossal arch

21
Q

What is the region between the 2 arches?

A

Palatine tonsil fossa

22
Q

What supplies motor innervation to the muscles of the palate arch

A

CN X

23
Q

Describe the position of the oropharynx to the soft palate

Where are the Palatine tonsils located

A

Oropharynx is posterior and inferior to the soft palate

Palatine tonsils are located behind the tongue in the palantine tonsil fossa

24
Q

What connects the floor of mouth and inferior aspect of tongue?

A

Tissue connection ➞ Lingual frenulum

25
Q

What two duct openings are found in the floor of the mouth?

A

Sublingual and submandibular ducts have openings in floor of mouth

26
Q

What nerve innervates all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal (CN XII)

27
Q

What CN and specific branch provides general sensation to the tongue

A

Trigeminal (CN V)

Specifically the lingual nerve, a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3)

28
Q

What supplies taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Facial nerve (CNVII)

In the petrous part of the temporal bone, the facial nerve gives off three branches. The chorda tympani branch provides taste to ant 2/3

29
Q

What supplies taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Both touch and taste are supplied by the same nerve for the post 1/3

*** Very back of tongue is CN X

30
Q

What is the medical name for the condition ‘tongue-tie’?

Briefly describe this

A

Ankyloglossia: congenital anomaly that decreases mobility of the tongue due to an unusually short, thick lingual frenulum

31
Q

List another congenital problem that may arise from the Lingual frenulum?

A

Frenulum can form between the Lip and alveolar process

32
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands and where do they open?

Which does the Facial nerve pass through?

A

Parotid (serous), Sublingual (mucous) and Submandibular (both) ➞ open into the oral mucosa

Facial nerve passes through the parotid gland!!

33
Q

What problems may occur within the salivary glands?

What specifically may occur in the submandibular gland

A

Stone/strictures may form

  • Strictures tend to occur in the parotid gland
  • Salivary duct stone in the submandibular known as siololithiasis
34
Q

Give 4 functions of saliva

A

1) Digestion
2) Antibacterial (amylase, lysosymes)
3) Moisten food
4) Moisten mouth
5) Clean away food residue

35
Q

What provides innervation to each of the salivary glands?

A

Parotid innervated by autonomics of CN IX

Sublingual and Submandibular innervated by autonomics of CN VII

Both PNS

36
Q

What are the 2 parts to the tongue and what structure seperates these?

What is found at the apex?

A

Oral and Pharyngeal part separated with v-shaped groove known as the sulcus terminalis

At apex is foramen caecum

37
Q

The tongue forms part of what 2 structures?

A

Forms part of oral cavity floor and anterior wall of oropharynx

38
Q

What two bones anchor the root of the tongue?

A

Attached to the mandible and hyoid bone

39
Q

Describe the intrinsic vs extrinsic muscles of the tongue (incl their function)

A

Intrinsic: vertical, longitudinal and transverse bundles that ALTER the shape of the tongue

Extrinsic: Move the tongue as a whole, pass to the tongue from the hyoid, mandible, styloid process and soft palate

40
Q

The lingual artery is a branch of what?

A

ECA

41
Q

Label the image of taste vs somatic sensation to the tongue

A
42
Q

What is Waldeyer’s Ring and what structures is it comprised of?

A

A continuous band of lymphoid tissue that surrounds oral cavity and upper pharynx

Composed of: Adenoids, tubal tonsils, palatine tonsils and lingual tonsil

43
Q

Label the image of Waldeyer’s Ring

A
44
Q

Where do the lingual tonsils drain?

A

Drains into the jugulodigastric and deep cervical lymph nodes

(Deep cervical lymph node run deep to SCM)

45
Q

Which way will the tongue point in a lesion?

A

TOWARDS

(T for tongue, T for towards)

46
Q

What may be seen in palate cancer

A

Palate opening into the nasopharynx (hole in roof of hard palate)

47
Q

What is a mucocele?

A

Benign lumps of mucous filled stuff in the oral cavity (can be caused by biting lips), generally harmless

48
Q

What is Gingivitis?

Who may be at a higher risk

A

Inflammation of the gums due to poor oral hygiene, more common during pregnancy

49
Q

What is the most common cancer of the oral cavity?

List 4 risk factors (SHAT)

A

Squamous cell cancers are the MOST common, can occur anywhere in the mouth

Risk factors:

  • Smoking
  • HPV
  • Alcohol (heavy drinking )
  • Tobacco use

Head and Neck (Semester 5) (22 decks)

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