8.1-8.4 units study

Question 1

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

Answer 1

The three parts of the cell theory are, that all living things are composed of one or more cells, a cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

What is the difference between light microscopes and electron microscopes?

Answer 2

The difference between light microscopes and electron microscopes is, that electron microscopes produce an image of the specimen using a beam of electrons rather than the light, that light microscopes use.

Question 3

What is the difference between transmission and scanning electron microscopes?

Answer 3

The difference between transmission and scanning electron microscopes is SEM creates an image by deflecting reflected or knocked-off elections, on the other hand, TEM uses transmitted electrons to create an image.

Question 4

How did Anton van Leeuwenhoek contribute to the discovery of cells? How about Robert Hooke?

Answer 4

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek contributed to the discovery of cells by discovering blood cells. Robert Hooke helped by helping us have a better understanding of cells.

Question 5

What are the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

The major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles while eukaryotic cells thrive in both.

Question 6

All cells have DNA but may store it differently. Which types of cells store DNA in the nucleus? Which types of cells do not?

Answer 6

Eukaryotic cells store DNA in the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 7

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 7

The function of lysosomes is to break down material taken down from the outside of the cell and to digest whole components of the cell itself.

Question 8

What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 8

The function of the Golgi apparatus is to transport both lipids and proteins.

Question 9

What are the functions of the rough ER?

Answer 9

The function of the rough ER is to process proteins.

Question 10

Construct a Venn diagram or table comparing and contrasting plant and animal cells.

Answer 10

Animal Cells
Has chloroplast
Has a cell wall
Has large food vacuoles

Both
Has a nucleus
Has cytoplasm
Has ribosomes
Has a mitochondria
Has a cell membrane

Plant Cells
Has no cell wall
Has no chloroplast
Has small to no food vacuole

Question 11

What makes up the cell membrane? What are the different parts? How do these parts contribute to the structure of the membrane?

Answer 11

Both lipids and proteins make up the cell membrane. The parts are the lipids, proteins, and carbohydrate groups. The lipids contribute to the overall same, the proteins by serving as receptors, and lastly, the carbohydrate groups contribute by helping to form a structure called the glycocalyx.

Question 12

Which organelle in plant cells gives them the ability to support heavy structures such as flowers? (hint: it is not the cell wall).

Answer 12

The organelle in plant cells that gives them the ability to support heavy structures such as flowers is the large vacuole.

Question 13

Red blood cells have no nucleus, ribosomes, or mitochondria. Thinking about those organelle’s functions, what can red blood cells not do? What do RBCs not have as opposed to other cells with these organelles?

Answer 13

The red blood cells can synthesize new protein molecules. RBCs do not have a cell nucleus like other cells with these organelles.

Question 14

RBCs are usually unable to repair themselves like most other cells. Think again about the organelles they lack. Why do you think RBCs are unable to repair proteins?

Answer 14

I think RBCs are unable to repair proteins because of their lack of organelles making it impossible.

Question 15

Compare and contrast the processes of diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.

Answer 15

Diffusion
How oxygen leaves a leaf
Osmosis
Involves water only
How water keeps plant cells sustained.
Active transport
Requires energy
How minerals get into root hair cells
Against a
concentration gradient
Diffusion and Osmosis
Is passive
High to low concentration
Diffusion and Active transport
Involves the transport of solutes

Active transport and Osmosis
Needs a semi-permeable membrane
ALL
Has movement of particles
Occurs in nature

Question 16

When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, what will happen to the movement of water molecules?

Answer 16

When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution the water molecules will stop moving.

Question 17

Describe phagocytosis. Can phagocytosis occur in cells with cell walls?

Answer 17

Phagocytosis is when a cell binds to a cell it wants to engulf. Yes, phagocytosis can occur in cells with cell walls.

Question 18

RBCs have high amounts of hemoglobin, a protein that helps carry oxygen around your body in your bloodstream. Thinking in terms of types of transport, how do you think oxygen gets into red blood cells?

Answer 18

I think oxygen gets into red blood cells by getting pushed by oxygen going through,

Question 19

What are the 4 levels of organization? Describe each one briefly.
What level of organization do you think would describe a plant’s leaves or stems?

Answer 19

The 4 levels of organization are the neurons, the nerve tissue, the brain, and the nervous system. I think a plant’s leaves and stems would be brains.

Question 20

Define homeostasis. What are some ways cells maintain homeostasis?

Answer 20

Homeostasis is when all the body’s systems are in a state of balance. Some ways cells maintain homeostasis are, by acquiring energy, reproducing new cells, exchanging materials, and eliminating waste.

Question 21

RBCs run throughout your body in your blood through narrow capillaries, arteries, and veins. Fat cells are located beneath your skin and cushion your organs. Which cell type do you think is larger? Why?

Answer 21

I think fat cells are larger because they have to be big to cushion your organs, while RBCs run through narrow capillaries, arteries, and veins, if they were big they wouldn’t fit through.