8.1 Flashcards
infectious diseases
Diseases
Anything that prevents the body from functioning correctly
Pathogens
Organisms that causes diseases
Bacteria
unicellular cells, small number causes bacterial diseases
contagious
disease can easily spread from person to another
uncontagious
disease cannot spread to other people
infectious
disease caused by germs
non-infectious
diseased is not caused by germs
tetanus occurs?
in low oxygen environments e.g. soil, metal
what is tetanus
when in body, releases poisons that causes muscle spams and lockjaw
tetanus prevention?
five year boosters
gastroenteritis
Salmonella enteritis releases poison causing fever, headache and severe stomach pains.
how to expel gastroenteritis
through vomiting or diarrhea, causes dehydration
gastroenteritis prevention
good hand hygeine
antibiotics
commonly used to treat bacterial infections, they kill or inhabit growth of bacteria by targeting the cell wall or metabolic pathways. not effective against other pathogens
infection
occurs when pathogen enters body and reaches its target cells
immune system
three main lines to prevent infection
first line of defence
prevent entry of the pathogen e.g. skin, fluids, hair, emptying the digestive tract, stomach acid
second line of defence
non-specific cellular responses includes; neutrophils, macrophages and inflammation
macrophages
engulfs pathogen
inflammation
cells in the area release histamine which increases blood flow, brings more WBC making the area red and swollen
third line of defence
specific cellular response, involves the lymphatic system
lymphatic system
lymph nodes contain lymphocytes that produce proteins called antibodies
antibodies
bind specifically to the pathogen and causes them to clump together, and signals macrophages to come and engulf pathogen
aftermath of infection
antibodies stay in body and builds an immunological memory
Vaccination
made of dead/inactive pathogens, relies on memory capabilities of immune system (artificial immunity)
