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Module 8: Aerodynamics > 8.1 > Flashcards

8.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Gas proportions

A

Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Other gases 1%

These proportions do not change with altitude

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2
Q

Troposphere

A

Lowest layer.

Contains the weather system.

Temp drops approx 2 degrees per 1000ft.

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3
Q

Tropopause

A

Upper limit of troposphere where temperature stops decreasing

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4
Q

Height of tropopause at the Equator and at 45 degrees latitude

A

Equator 16-18km, 53000-57000ft.

45 degrees 10-12km, 33000-39000ft.

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5
Q

Stratosphere

A

2nd major layer which is said to be a constant temperature.

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6
Q

Name all the layers in the atmosphere in order

A

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere

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7
Q

Where does most ozone reside?

A

Stratosphere (90%)

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8
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of internal kinetic energy

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9
Q

Temperatures at freezing and boiling

A

Freezing
0 degrees
32 Fahrenheit
273.15 Kelvin

Boiling
100 degrees
212 Fahrenheit
373.15 Kelvin

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10
Q

Standard sea level temperatures

A

15 degrees
59 Fahrenheit
288.15 Kelvin

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11
Q

Lapse rate

A

Temperature decrease with increase in altitude.

2 degrees per 1000ft in troposphere.

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12
Q

Increase in temperature on density

A

Reduction of density

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13
Q

Reduction of density

A

Reduces lift.

Drag gets reduced also.

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14
Q

Pressure

A

Force over Area.

Forces always acts at right angles to the surface.

Pressure increases with temperature.

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15
Q

Pressures at sea level

A

14.7 psi
29.92 In.Hg
1013.25 hPa
101325 N/m^2

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16
Q

How is pressure measured?

A

Using a barometer.

Force over Area.

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17
Q

Isobars

A

Lines of equal pressure

18
Q

Pressure altitude

A

Altitude in which a given pressure occurs in the ISO.

If flying from a high pressure area to a low pressure area you would actually be lower.

19
Q

Density altitude

A

Altitude at which air density would be equal to indicated air density at place of observation.

Increase in temperature, decrease in atmospheric pressure will increase density altitude.

Is air density given as height about sea level.

20
Q

Gauge pressure

A

Pressure measured above atmospheric pressure.

21
Q

Static Pressure

A

Pressure of gas when stationary.

In a Venturi the static pressure is decreased.

22
Q

Pitot pressure

A

Also knows as total pressure.

Measured with a pitot tube and used to determine aircraft airspeed.

Measured with manometer.

23
Q

Density

A

Mass over Volume.

Expressed in grams or kilograms.

Denoted by rho.

24
Q

Pressure, temperature and altitude in respect to density.

A

Increase of pressure increase density.

Decrease of temperature increase density.

Increase altitude decreases density.

25
Q

What level leads to hypoxia.

A

10000 ft

26
Q

Service ceiling and absolute ceiling

A

Altitude which rate of climb falls to a specific figure.

Altitude which rate of climb falls to zero.

27
Q

Avogadros law

A

Equal volumes of gases at same temperature and pressure have the same amount of molecules

28
Q

Charles law

A

At constant pressure, volume is directly proportional to temperature.

29
Q

Boyles law

A

At constant temperature, volume is inversely proportional to pressure.

30
Q

Gay Lussacs law

A

At constant volume, pressure is proportional to temperature

31
Q

Daltons Law

A

Total pressure is sum of all partial pressures

32
Q

Adiabatic process

A

No heat is lost or gained from surroundings

33
Q

Boundary layer

A

Viscosity causes a shearing of layers of air over an object moving through air. The layers formed on surface are called boundary layers.

34
Q

What does speed of sound depend on?

A

Temperature of air.

The higher the temperature the higher the speed of sound.

35
Q

Mach Number

A

Speed of aircraft over the speed of sound.

36
Q

Critical Mach number

A

Lowest Mach number which the airflow of any point of aircraft reaches the speed of sound.

37
Q

Absolute humidity

A

Density of water vapour in a given volume of air.

38
Q

Relative humidity

A

Water vapour in the air divided by the amount of vapour the air can hold at the same temperature.

39
Q

Dew point

A

Temperature at which relative humidity reaches 100%.

40
Q

What measures humidity?

A

Hygrometer

Module 8: Aerodynamics (2 decks)

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