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AP WORLD > 8000 BCE-600 CE > Flashcards

8000 BCE-600 CE Flashcards

1
Q

Foraging Societies

A

Hunter-Gatherers who moved from place to place to meet their needs.

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2
Q

Pastoral Societies

A

Domestication of animals, temporary settlements to find grazing for food

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3
Q

How did staying in the same place change things?

A

People in communities worked together to help sustain and build cultural traditions. A sense of home.

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4
Q

Food Surplus led to:

A

Specialization of labor, population growth.

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5
Q

Environmental impacts of Agricultural Revolution

A

Deforestation, excessive use of resources, increased uses for animals.

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6
Q

Metallurgy

A

Manipulating metals to create new tools “Bronze Age”

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7
Q

Early civilizations were composed of:

A

Loose city-states, no central authority

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8
Q

3000-2000 BCE

A

Major dominant civilizations emerged: Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China

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9
Q

Mesopotamia

A

“Land between Rivers” (tigris and euphrates) Sumer, Babylon, Persia: Fertile Crescent

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10
Q

Sumerian Civilization:

A

First major Mesopotamian civilization

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11
Q

Cuneiform

A

First form of writing developed by Sumerians

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12
Q

Ziggurats

A

Temples of polytheistic worship created by Sumerians

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13
Q

Akkadians

A

Dominated after fall of Sumer, developed first known code of laws.

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14
Q

Code of Hamurrabi

A

Code of laws that established justice, consequences, and fairness for the Babylonian people.

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15
Q

Assyrians

A

Used metal weapons and established capital at Niveh, hated by everyone

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16
Q

What happened as civilizations were conquered?

A

Culture, religions, laws and technologies weren’t lost and conquering civilizations adopted customs of those they defeated.

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17
Q

Old, Middle, New

A

Three major kingdoms Egypt was reorganized into; reached its height in NEW

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18
Q

Queen Hatshepsut

A

First female ruler, expanded Egyptian trade expeditions, more rights to women

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19
Q

Egyptian social structure

A 
Pharoahs
Priests
Nobles
Merchants/skilled artisans
Peasants
Slaves
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20
Q

Indus Valley

A

Built along river bank, limited contact with outside civilizations, strong central government, main export:cotton

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21
Q

Khyber Pass

A

Connection with outside world for Indus Valley, but allowed invading forces to come in and take over.

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22
Q

Aryans

A

Nomadic tribes that gave up nomadic lifestyle after conquering Indus Valley, religious influence of reincarnation/polytheism on india-caste system

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23
Q

Shang China “All Under Heaven”

A

River basin community that used surplus to build a trade-centered civilization, extremely isolated-“center of the universe”

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24
Q

Hwang Ho River Valley

A

Yellow River Valley

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25
Zhou Dynasty
Led by Wu Wang, longest lasting dynasty and used traditions of shang, FEUDAL SYSTEM
26
Mandate of Heaven
Heaven would grant emperor power as long as he ruled justly and wisely.
27
Why do people migrate?
Find food, hospitable environment, avoid natural disasters/harsh climate
28
Olmec and Chavin show that..
Same patterns of development occurred in different parts of the globe, neither developed in a river valley.
29
Chandragupta Maurya
Founder of Mauryan Empire, unified smaller Aryan kingdoms into civilizations
30
Ashoka Maurya
Brought Mauryan empire to peak, converted to Buddhism after bloody victories, preached peace
31
Rock and Pillar Edicts
Reminded Mauryans to live generous and righteous lives, helped spread Buddhism across India
32
Chandra Gupta the Great
Leader who helped India go through a revival with the Gupta Dynasty after the fall of the Mauryan Dynasty.
33
Gupta Empire
More decentrilized than Mauryan, "golden age" because of advances in arts and sciences, women lost rights, more hindu caste system.
34
Great Wall of China
Fortified walls established during the Qin Dynasty that demonstrated its organization, territory, and centralism.
35
Qin Shihuagandi
Qin Dynasty's first emperor, cultural dissent not allowed, established legalism
36
Xiongnu
A large nomadic group from northern Asia who inavded territories from china to eastern europe (han china)
37
Wu Ti
Warrior emperor who enlarged Han empire to asia
38
Han Dynasty
Civil service exam based on confucious, extensive empire and trade routes, etc.
39
Satrap (Persian Empire)
Delegated local authorites who paid taxes and soldiers to the king when requested
40
Great Royal Road
Series of long trading routes in Persian Empire
41
Lydians
Came up with concept of using coined money (monetary system)
42
Phoenicians
Established powerful city states along Mediterranean and 22-letter alphabet
43
Polis
Greek city-states that shared a common culture and identity, composed of citizens (adult males), free people with no rights, non citizens
44
Athenian Hypocrisy
Although Athens had a democracy, only adult males could vote and Sparta's women had more rights
45
Draco/Solon
Aristocratic leaders who worked to create the democracy in Athens to ensure fair, equal, and open participation
46
What enabled the Greeks to develop a democracy?
Slavery because it helped Greeks have more free time to meet and vote.
47
Persian Wars
Series of wars between Persia and Greece that united all the Greek city-states against a mutual enemy.
48
Golden Age of Pericles
Greek era of peace and prosperity after Persian Wars. Pericles, the leader, rebuilt Athens and a democracy for all adult males. Served as an inspiration for the European Renaissance and Enlightenment.
49
Delian League
Established during the Golden Age of Pericles, an alliance of city-states against agression from common Greek enemies. Dominated by athens.
50
Peloponnesian War
Trade dispute in Corinth between Athens and Sparta that turned into a war. Athens hid behind walls but plague killed vast populations, navy was defeated in cicily. Sparta won, but didnt destroy Athens because they helped in Persian war, but they failed to dominate well
51
Macedonians
Under rule of King Philip III, invaded Athens from north and conquered entire regions, adopted greek customs, and spread them to other regions. (Hellenism)
52
Alexander the Great
Taught by Aristotle, Macedonian ruler who conquered Persian empire, which crumbles after his death because people werent focusing enough on the west.
53
Patricians
Land owning nobles, highest of roman social strucure
54
Plebians
All other free men
55
Roman government
Representative republic, senate (patricians) and assembly (plebians)
56
Why was Roman government more stable that Greek democracy?
Not only open to males, but equal representation for everyone.
57
Twelve Tables of Rome
Civil Roman laws that protected individual rights that were codified (hammurabbi-innocent until proven guilty) applied to new conquered territories.
58
Pater Familias
Roman family structure centered on the eldest male of the family
59
Punic Wars
Carthage, North Africa became Rome's main enemy
60
First Punic War
Fought to gain control over land of Sicily, Rome won.
61
Second Punic War
Attack by Hannibal (carthage leader) who surprised Romans who were expecting an attack from the south, but carthage eventually sued for peace and Rome technically won.
62
Third Punic War
Instigated by Rome where it invaded Carthage and burned it to the ground.
63
To maintain their vast empire, Rome built...
Extensive road networks, aqueducts, and enlarged their navy.
64
First Triumvate
Pompey, Caesar, and Crassus took control after Senate became too weak to rule.
65
Second Triumvate
Octavius, Mark Antony, Lepidius, formed after Caesars death
66
Octavius
Power shifted to him in second triumvate, assumed name of Augustus Caesar, became emperor of Rome.
67
Pax Romana
Under Augustus, 200 years of Roman prosperity through gained stability, traditional customs maintained of conquered people, growth in arts/sciences, increased territory, Rome-capital of Western World.
68
What causes a "golden age"?
Large amounts of wealth flowing in from city states and conquered regions, people have freedom to pursue goals, growth in arts.
69
Paganism
Roman state religion where people made sacrifies to gods, but after Augustus, died out to Christianity,
70
Edict of Milan
Issued by Emperor Constantine in Roman Empire that ended persecution of Christians because of their threat to Roman paganism.
71
Collapse of Han
- Famines, devastating floods, increased prices, peasant uprising - yellow turban rebellion - wang mang established Xin Dynasty in the middle of Han by seizing throne and using Mandate of Heaven to undermine them.
72
Collapse of Gupta
Invasion by Huns, which they held off for a while but with tremendous costs. Hinduism and caste system prevailed. (CONTINUITY)
73
Collapse of Western Roman Empire
Internal decay, external pressure, huge expense of maintaining a vast empire, succession of bad leaders, epidemics.
74
Constantine
Co-emperor of diocletian who defeated rivals and assumed sole control, ordered building of Constantinople
75
Visigoths
Germanic people who adopted Roman law and Christianity that were put on borders by Roman authorities. Warded off by Atillas Huns and forced to retreat and sack Rome.
76
What finally happened to Rome?
Western half died after Visigoths, eastern still prevailed and got renamed Byzantine Empire.
77
Confucian values
Ren:sense of humanity, kindness Li:respect and courtesy to elders Xiao: filial piety, respect for family obligation-father, ancestor, elders. Junzi:people who are superior because they are educated
78
Wuwei
Daoist belief of disengagement of worldly affairs.
79
Hinduism
- sole purpose is to merge with Brahma (one supreme force) - dharma: rules of caste you are born into - moksha: highest state of being
80
Buddhism
- Four Noble Truths (suffering) | - eightfold path: RIGHT views, aspirations, speech, conduct, livelihood, endeavor, mindfulness, meditation
81
Major Changes in This Time Period:
- New techniques for farming - Surplus - Development to support cities - Rise of Major Religions - Collapse of Classical Empires

AP WORLD (1 decks)

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