8 Water Supply Distribution Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Two basic types of water supply systems

A

Public,

private

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2
Q

For components of an effective public water supply distribution system

A

Water supply source.
Processing or treatment facility.
Means of moving water.
Distribution system, including storage.

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3
Q

Primary source of water in North America

A

Groundwater

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4
Q

Layers of porous rock the capture groundwater and retain it

A

Aquifer

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5
Q

Three methods for moving water through the system

A

Gravity. Direct pumping. Combination

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6
Q

Water pressure caused by the source being at elevation

A

Elevation head pressure

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7
Q

Interlocking network of water mains the compose a water distribution system

A

Grid, or grid iron

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8
Q

Arterial Water mains beginning at 16 inches and exceeding 72 inches

A

Primary feeders

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9
Q

Intermediate water pipes that interconnect with the primary felines to create a grid 12 to 14 inches in size

A

Secondary feeder

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10
Q

Small water mains, 6-8 inches in diameter, that serve individual fire hydrants and commercial/residential customers. May form intermediate grid or dead ends

A

Distributors

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11
Q

Minimum size pipe often used

A

8 inches, although 6 inches is used in some subdivisions

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12
Q

Gravity tanks are used for

A

Maintaining and ensuring constant water pressure

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13
Q

Device used to control or interrupt the flow of water to individual hydrants or properties

A

Control valve

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14
Q

How often should control valves be exercised

A

Once a year

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15
Q

Maximum spacing for water control valves and high-value districts

A

500 feet

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16
Q

Maximum control valve spacing in other areas that arent considered high value

A

800 feet

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17
Q

Control valve for water distribution systems are probably divided into

A

Indicating, nonindicating

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18
Q

Two common indicator type valves

A

Post-indicator valve PIV

Outside stem and yoke valve OS&Y

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19
Q

A partially closed valve would not be noticed during normal water usage however during fire suppression operations it would be noticed because

A

High friction loss would reduce quality of water available

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20
Q

A valve that prohibits water that may be contaminated, from flowing back into public water system

A

Backflow preventer

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21
Q

Advantage of a wet barrel system

A

All working parts located above grade for easier maintenance and use

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22
Q

Disadvantage of wet barrel hydrant

A

Cannot be using claimant susceptible to freezing

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23
Q

Size of the large outlet on a hydrant often referred to as the pumper outlet nozzle or steamer connection

A

4, 4 1/2 inches

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24
Q

Hydrant discharge outlets are considered standard if they contain the following two components

A

4-4 1/2 inch main outlet, two 2.5 inch couplings

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25
Hydrant specifications require what size valve opening for standard three-way hydrants
5 inches
26
Hydrant specifications require what size connection to the Watermain
6 inches
27
How often should hydrant inspections occur
Twice a year
28
Generally the barrel of the fire hydrant is painted chrome yellow for municipal hydrants and what color for private hydrants
Red
29
The use of violet to designate hydrants is done in the case when
Non-potable water supply has been established
30
Light blue indicates what class and fire flow of hydrant
AA CLASS | 1500 gpm or more
31
What class and fire flow is a green hydrant indicate
Class A | 1000-1499 gpm
32
What class and gallons per minute flow does a orange hydrant indicate
Class B. 500-999 GPM
33
What classification and fire flow is a red-indicate
Class C 500 GPM
34
Private water supply distribution systems are most commonly found on
Large commercial industrial or institutional properties
35
In general private water supply distribution systems exist for one of the three following purposes
Fire protection purposes. Sanitary and fire purposes. Manufacturing and fire purposes
36
Private water supply distribution systems commonly receive their water from
Municipal supply
37
Almost all private water supply distribution systems maintain what for private fire protection and domestic or industrial services
Separate piping for each
38
Many significant fire losses can be traced to
Failure of private water supply systems being used for firefighting
39
Mand open lake or pond or enclosed truck are similar to a tank used as a water source
Reservoir
40
Tanks located at ground level and provide a water supply source for pressure increasing fire pumps. Capacities typically from 100,000-300,000 gallons
Suction tanks
41
Pressure tanks usually range in size from
3000-9000 gallons
42
Gravity tanks are used to
Stabilize or balance water pressure at times of peak demand
43
Gravity tanks that are 100 feet high generate a pressure of only
43 PSI
44
Gravity tank capacity ranges from
5000-500,000 gallons
45
Small structures that contain standpipe connections and a large hoseline pre-connected to the discharge outlet
Hose houses
46
Pressure remaining at any given point in the water supply system while water is flowing
Residual pressure
47
Fire flow test of water supply systems include what pressures
Static and residual pressure
48
When should flow test be done of a water main systems and hydrants
After extensive improvements. Construction of water line extensions. Every five years
49
Although fire hydrants on private water supply systems are the responsibility of the property owner, inspector should still
Witness the hydrant test
50
Materials needed to complete inspection of fire hydrant
``` gauge for checking discharge outlet threads (female coupling) Lubrication Gate valve key Pressure gauge in hydrant cap Pitot gauge 12 quart Pail Stream diffuser ```
51
The clearance between the bottom of the butt (discharge) of the hydrant and the great should be at least
15 inches
52
A pitot gauge should be held in the center of the screen with a small opening or point centered and approximately how far from the opening
One half the diameter of the opening. | That's 1.25" for a 2.5 " discharge
53
Generally 2.5 inch outlets should be used to conduct hydrant flow test because streams of the larger outlet are
Contain voids in the stream
54
20 PSI residual pressure can be defined as enough pressure to overcome friction inside anyone of the following
Short 6 inch branch pipe. Hydrant. Apparatus intake hose
55
20 PSI minimum residual pressure is often required by the EPA for health reasons because
It prevents contaminants from external sources from being drawn into the system
56
Hydrant from where A pitot or cap gauge is used to find static and residual
Test hydrant
57
Hydrant from which water is discharged in a fire flow test is done
Flow hydrant
58
Flow hydrant should be located how in reference to the test hydrant
Downstream
59
A strong probable flow may require several hydrants be open to ensure accurate results. And of hydrants should be open to drop the static pressure by at least
10%. And a 25% should more accurate results be required
60
Growth crust or lump corrosion on the inside walls of water mains can reduce the diameter of the pipe and lower capacity
Encrustations
61
Encrustation is caused by
``` Chemicals Organism or bio growth Degradation of pipe materials Rust deposits Salt accumulated Bioreactor a from organisms in water ```
62
Sedimentation deposits are
Mud Clay or leaves | Foreign matter like rocks tools woods or lead
63
Two ways to compute fire flow test results
Graphical analysis, mathematical computation
64
Size of primary feeders
16-72"
65
Size of distributors
6-8"
66
Size of secondary feeders
12-14"