8 Water Supply Distribution Systems

Question 1

Two basic types of water supply systems

Answer 1

Public,

private

Question 2

For components of an effective public water supply distribution system

Answer 2

Water supply source.
Processing or treatment facility.
Means of moving water.
Distribution system, including storage.

Question 3

Primary source of water in North America

Answer 3

Groundwater

Question 4

Layers of porous rock the capture groundwater and retain it

Answer 4

Aquifer

Question 5

Three methods for moving water through the system

Answer 5

Gravity. Direct pumping. Combination

Question 6

Water pressure caused by the source being at elevation

Answer 6

Elevation head pressure

Question 7

Interlocking network of water mains the compose a water distribution system

Answer 7

Grid, or grid iron

Question 8

Arterial Water mains beginning at 16 inches and exceeding 72 inches

Answer 8

Primary feeders

Question 9

Intermediate water pipes that interconnect with the primary felines to create a grid 12 to 14 inches in size

Answer 9

Secondary feeder

Question 10

Small water mains, 6-8 inches in diameter, that serve individual fire hydrants and commercial/residential customers. May form intermediate grid or dead ends

Answer 10

Distributors

Question 11

Minimum size pipe often used

Answer 11

8 inches, although 6 inches is used in some subdivisions

Question 12

Gravity tanks are used for

Answer 12

Maintaining and ensuring constant water pressure

Question 13

Device used to control or interrupt the flow of water to individual hydrants or properties

Answer 13

Control valve

Question 14

How often should control valves be exercised

Answer 14

Once a year

Question 15

Maximum spacing for water control valves and high-value districts

Answer 15

500 feet

Question 16

Maximum control valve spacing in other areas that arent considered high value

Answer 16

800 feet

Question 17

Control valve for water distribution systems are probably divided into

Answer 17

Indicating, nonindicating

Question 18

Two common indicator type valves

Answer 18

Post-indicator valve PIV

Outside stem and yoke valve OS&Y

Question 19

A partially closed valve would not be noticed during normal water usage however during fire suppression operations it would be noticed because

Answer 19

High friction loss would reduce quality of water available

Question 20

A valve that prohibits water that may be contaminated, from flowing back into public water system

Answer 20

Backflow preventer

Question 21

Advantage of a wet barrel system

Answer 21

All working parts located above grade for easier maintenance and use

Question 22

Disadvantage of wet barrel hydrant

Answer 22

Cannot be using claimant susceptible to freezing

Question 23

Size of the large outlet on a hydrant often referred to as the pumper outlet nozzle or steamer connection

Answer 23

4, 4 1/2 inches

Question 24

Hydrant discharge outlets are considered standard if they contain the following two components

Answer 24

4-4 1/2 inch main outlet, two 2.5 inch couplings

Question 25

Hydrant specifications require what size valve opening for standard three-way hydrants

Answer 25

5 inches

Question 26

Hydrant specifications require what size connection to the Watermain

Answer 26

6 inches

Question 27

How often should hydrant inspections occur

Answer 27

Twice a year

Question 28

Generally the barrel of the fire hydrant is painted chrome yellow for municipal hydrants and what color for private hydrants

Answer 28

Red

Question 29

The use of violet to designate hydrants is done in the case when

Answer 29

Non-potable water supply has been established

Question 30

Light blue indicates what class and fire flow of hydrant

Answer 30

AA CLASS | 1500 gpm or more

Question 31

What class and fire flow is a green hydrant indicate

Answer 31

Class A | 1000-1499 gpm

Question 32

What class and gallons per minute flow does a orange hydrant indicate

Answer 32

Class B. 500-999 GPM

Question 33

What classification and fire flow is a red-indicate

Answer 33

Class C 500 GPM

Question 34

Private water supply distribution systems are most commonly found on

Answer 34

Large commercial industrial or institutional properties

Question 35

In general private water supply distribution systems exist for one of the three following purposes

Answer 35

Fire protection purposes. Sanitary and fire purposes. Manufacturing and fire purposes

Question 36

Private water supply distribution systems commonly receive their water from

Answer 36

Municipal supply

Question 37

Almost all private water supply distribution systems maintain what for private fire protection and domestic or industrial services

Answer 37

Separate piping for each

Question 38

Many significant fire losses can be traced to

Answer 38

Failure of private water supply systems being used for firefighting

Question 39

Mand open lake or pond or enclosed truck are similar to a tank used as a water source

Answer 39

Reservoir

Question 40

Tanks located at ground level and provide a water supply source for pressure increasing fire pumps. Capacities typically from 100,000-300,000 gallons

Answer 40

Suction tanks

Question 41

Pressure tanks usually range in size from

Answer 41

3000-9000 gallons

Question 42

Gravity tanks are used to

Answer 42

Stabilize or balance water pressure at times of peak demand

Question 43

Gravity tanks that are 100 feet high generate a pressure of only

Answer 43

43 PSI

Question 44

Gravity tank capacity ranges from

Answer 44

5000-500,000 gallons

Question 45

Small structures that contain standpipe connections and a large hoseline pre-connected to the discharge outlet

Answer 45

Hose houses

Question 46

Pressure remaining at any given point in the water supply system while water is flowing

Answer 46

Residual pressure

Question 47

Fire flow test of water supply systems include what pressures

Answer 47

Static and residual pressure

Question 48

When should flow test be done of a water main systems and hydrants

Answer 48

After extensive improvements. Construction of water line extensions. Every five years

Question 49

Although fire hydrants on private water supply systems are the responsibility of the property owner, inspector should still

Answer 49

Witness the hydrant test

Question 50

Materials needed to complete inspection of fire hydrant

Answer 50

``` gauge for checking discharge outlet threads (female coupling) Lubrication Gate valve key Pressure gauge in hydrant cap Pitot gauge 12 quart Pail Stream diffuser ```

Question 51

The clearance between the bottom of the butt (discharge) of the hydrant and the great should be at least

Answer 51

15 inches

Question 52

A pitot gauge should be held in the center of the screen with a small opening or point centered and approximately how far from the opening

Answer 52

One half the diameter of the opening. | That's 1.25" for a 2.5 " discharge

Question 53

Generally 2.5 inch outlets should be used to conduct hydrant flow test because streams of the larger outlet are

Answer 53

Contain voids in the stream

Question 54

20 PSI residual pressure can be defined as enough pressure to overcome friction inside anyone of the following

Answer 54

Short 6 inch branch pipe. Hydrant. Apparatus intake hose

Question 55

20 PSI minimum residual pressure is often required by the EPA for health reasons because

Answer 55

It prevents contaminants from external sources from being drawn into the system

Question 56

Hydrant from where A pitot or cap gauge is used to find static and residual

Answer 56

Test hydrant

Question 57

Hydrant from which water is discharged in a fire flow test is done

Answer 57

Flow hydrant

Question 58

Flow hydrant should be located how in reference to the test hydrant

Answer 58

Downstream

Question 59

A strong probable flow may require several hydrants be open to ensure accurate results. And of hydrants should be open to drop the static pressure by at least

Answer 59

10%. And a 25% should more accurate results be required

Question 60

Growth crust or lump corrosion on the inside walls of water mains can reduce the diameter of the pipe and lower capacity

Answer 60

Encrustations

Question 61

Encrustation is caused by

Answer 61

``` Chemicals Organism or bio growth Degradation of pipe materials Rust deposits Salt accumulated Bioreactor a from organisms in water ```

Question 62

Sedimentation deposits are

Answer 62

Mud Clay or leaves | Foreign matter like rocks tools woods or lead

Question 63

Two ways to compute fire flow test results

Answer 63

Graphical analysis, mathematical computation

Question 64

Size of primary feeders

Answer 64

16-72"

Question 65

Size of distributors

Answer 65

6-8"

Question 66

Size of secondary feeders

Answer 66

12-14"