8 - Taping, Padding, Strapping

Question 1

Benefits

Answer 1

• To enhance circulation through movement
• Control swelling
• Prevent progression of initial injury
• Prevent atrophy
• Prevent compensatory injury to adjacent structures
• Allows continued conditioning to the body post injury
• Allows for the maintenance of the ability to react

Question 2

Materials

Answer 2

White zinc oxide tape (or all-purpose tape)
o White zinc oxide is most common type of tape utilized
o 1 inch, 1.5 inch, 2 inch (2 inch can be more difficult around the ankle)
o Adhesive, non-elastic
o Slightly porous to permit lateral glide/stretch
o Poor grade will crease and stick together

Adhesive elastic tape (Elastoplast)
o Offers elasticity and adhesion
o Maintain compression over a contusion (injured area)
o Allows maximal pressure on a strain with strong recoil
o Tendency to unravel at the edges and does not adhere well

Question 3

Adhesives

Answer 3

Tuff skin
o Fast drying aerosol
o Adheres well

QDA
o Quick drying adhesives (QDA)

NOTE: Both adhesives can irritate the skin and can be difficult to remove

Question 4

Underwrap

Answer 4

“Pro-wrap”

• Thin foam material that is used to reduce the direct contact to the skin
• Use if they have a lot of hair on the legs

Question 5

Indications for taping as a form of adjunct treatmetn

Answer 5

• Sprains - injury to a ligamentous structure
• Stage I - fiber damage with little or no soft tissue elongation
• Stage II - a partial tearing causing moderate to major stretch

Anything greater than stage II is not going to be treatable by taping and the individual should not be involved in athletics

Sample conditions for taping
o	Plantar fascial sprain
o	Ankle sprain
o	Individual sprains
o	Tendon injuries
o	Muscle strains

Question 6

Management of ankle pathology

Answer 6

Management of ankle pathology is a compilation of your different strappings in order to maintain stability and prevent abnormal motion of the lower extremity

Question 7

Anchors

Answer 7

Purpose: to form a stable base of support for

strapping application

Question 8

Stirrups

Answer 8

Direct support to an injured ligament

Question 9

Open basket weave

Answer 9

Provides support while allowing room for

expansion due to swelling (acute injuries)

Question 10

Closed basket weave

Answer 10

o Designed to support the ankle with special
emphasis to the lateral ligaments. This is performed
without restriction of mobility.
o Prevents inversion and eversion of the
ankle, but allows for plantarflexion and dorsiflexion

Question 11

Figure 8

Answer 11

o Provides added stability, yet is used for closure of open areas

Question 12

Compression straps

Answer 12

o Provides strong compressive forces to the injured area
o Minimizes subsequent swelling (ace or other wrap – not tape)
o Prevents further injury to the affected area
w/o compromising circulation and permitting activity

Question 13

J strap

Answer 13

o Sprains, strains

o Controls pronation and provides ankle support

Question 14

Reverse J strap

Answer 14

o Sprains, strains

o Ankle immobilization

Question 15

Closing up strips

Answer 15

o This is just the fact that you will continue taping all the exposed skin or pre-wrap
 Reduces blister formation
 Improves cosmetic appearance
 Prevents unraveling during activity

Question 16

Locks

Answer 16

Purpose = To reinforce joint stability, but it also allows protection and function of associated joint.

Two types

• Louisiana heel lock
• Calcaneal sling

Question 17

Louisiana heel lock

Answer 17

o Indications: for excessive pronation, used for ankle sprains, ankle strains, shin splints
o Stabilizes by limiting eversion/inversion

Question 18

Calcaneal sling

Answer 18

o Taping used to lock the calcaneus

o Limits supination/pronation

Question 19

Low-dye strapping

Answer 19

Indications
o Pronation
o Plantar fascial strain
o Heel spurs

May be composed of different types of strapping
o Low dye (figure 1-3)
o Campbell’s rest strap (figure 6 and 7) - Used to maintain arch, can use Mayo pad for support
o Plantar figure-8 strap
o Dorsal retention strap - Use elastic tape for figure 10 or it will act like a tourniquet

Question 20

Taping for achilles tendon injury

Answer 20

Indications
o Heel pain
o Achilles tendonitis/ tenosynovitis
o Calf pain
o Support the tendon , and assist with plantarflexion/ restrict dorsiflexion
o Permit eversion
o Limits full stretch on the myotendinous junction by limiting dorsiflexion

Question 21

Taping for peroneus longus injruy

Answer 21

Indications
o Tendonitis
o Tenosynovitis
o Overuse syndrome
o Assist with plantarflexion and eversion.
o Prevents full stretch of the myotendinous junction by limiting dorsiflexion and inversion

Question 22

Taping for tibialis posterior tendon injury

Answer 22

o Posterior tibialis tendon strain
o Posterior tibialis tendinitis
o Assist with plantarflexion and inversion
o Prevents full stretch at the musculo-tendinous unit by limiting dorsiflexion and eversion

Question 23

Taping for deltoid ligament sprain and lateral ankle sprain

Answer 23

o	Anchors
o	Lateral and medial support (stirrups)
o	Reinforcement (ankle locks)
o	Stabilization (figure 8)
o	Closing (compression)

Question 24

Kinesio taping

Answer 24

General
o Kinesio taping (elastic taping)
o Elastic cotton tape with heat activated acrylic adhesive
o Has the ability to stretch to 140% its original length in comparison to traditional athletic tape

Benefits
o Helps with the alignment and function of muscles
o Facilitates circulation of blood flow and lymphatics to injured structures
o Decreases pressure to pain receptors
o Enhances the ability of mechanoreceptors
o Facilitates better joint motion

Question 25

Study title: Effect of athletic taping and kinesio-taping® on measurements of functional performance in basketball players with chronic inversion ankle sprains

Answer 25

o Types of taping (regular tape, no tape, Kinesio tape, standard athletic taping) on functional performance in athletes with chronic inversion sprains of the ankle
o Crossover study design
o 15 males between the ages of 18-22 w/history of chronic inversion ankle sprain injuries - All these individuals have a history of chronic inversion ankle sprains

Question 26

Functional performance tests

Answer 26

Functional performance tests were used to quantify agility, endurance, balance, and coordination
o Hopping test by Amanda et al,
o Single Limb Hurdle Test,
o Standing Heel Rise test,
o Vertical Jump Test,
o The Star Excursion Balance Test [SEBT]
o Kinesthetic Ability Trainer [KAT] Test

Question 27

Results

Answer 27

o There were no significant differences among the results obtained using the four conditions for SEBT and the KAT test
o Faster performance times were measured with KT® and athletic tape in single limb hurdle test when compared to placebo and non-taped conditions
o In standing heel rise test and vertical jump test, athletic taping led to decreased performance