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Biological Psychology 2 > 8: Sleep > Flashcards

8: Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

What is sleep?

A

A periodic, natural reversable behavioural state of disengagement to the environment

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2
Q

What kind of sleep do dophins have?

A

Unihemispheric sleep so the hemispheres take turns - allows them to still swim to the surface for oxygen

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3
Q

How does our awareness when asleep change with age?

A

Children are less easily woken

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4
Q

What is alpha activity?

A

Associated with rest and sleep

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5
Q

What is beta activity?

A

Associated with alertness

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6
Q

What waves are seen in stage 1 of sleep?

A

Theta waves

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7
Q

What waves are seen in stage 2 of sleep?

A

Sleep spindles and K-complexes

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8
Q

What are sleep spindles?

A

Bursts of activity seen in stages 2 and 3 of sleep

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9
Q

What are k-complexes?

A

Negative potentials seen in stage 2 of sleep

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10
Q

What waves are seen in stage 3 of sleep?

A

Delta waves

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11
Q

What happenes to the number of spindles as we move from stage 2 into stage 3?

A

They decrease

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12
Q

What waves are seen in stage 4 of sleep?

A

Delta

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13
Q

What sleep stages are characterized as ‘slow wave’?

A

3 and 4

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14
Q

What is REM sleep?

A

Brain activity varies, we have sleep paralysis and dreaming

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15
Q

Why do we need sleep?

A

Restoration

Adaptation

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16
Q

Why is sleep important for restoration?

A

It allows us to restore homeostasis and clear toxic waste products much faster

It’s a short period of rest for all neurons

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17
Q

Why is sleep important for adaptation?

A

We can’t see well at night so it keeps us out of trouble by keeping us immobile

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18
Q

Accross species, what is related to sleep duration?

A

Metabolic rate

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19
Q

How do genetics affect how long we sleep for?

A

We have a chronotype caused by the length of the per3 gene

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20
Q

What gene is associated with duration of sleep?

21
Q

Who stayed awake for 264 hours?

A

Randy Gardner

22
Q

How long did Randy Gardner stay awake for?

23
Q

What happened when Randy Gardner had been awake for 2 days?

A

Irritable, nauseated, memory issues

24
Q

What happened when Randy Gardner had been awake for 4 days?

A

Fatigued and had delusions

25
Q

What happened when Randy Gardner had been awake for 7 days?

A

Language issues and tremors

26
Q

How long did Randy Gardner take to recover after the experiment?

A

2 nights, slept for 14 hours on the first, 10 on the second and then was back to normal

27
Q

What areas are affected by sleep deprivation?

A

Motor function, cognitive performance, working memory, mood, executive atention

28
Q

What are the main ways sleep are measured?

A

Patient reported outcomes (Sleep diaries)
Actigraphy (Motor activity)
PSG (Multiple signals)

29
Q

What does PSG stand for?

A

PolySomnoGrphy

30
Q

What does PSG record?

A

EEG (Brain), EMG (Muscles), EOG (Eye signals)

31
Q

How long does a typical sleep cycle last?

32
Q

What is slow wave sleep?

A

Stages 3 and 4

33
Q

How does cortisol affect sleep?

A

The more we have, the less we sleep

34
Q

How is the forebrain important to sleep?

A

In SWS, as neurons are active, other areas of the brain are inhibited

35
Q

What is the importance of the reticular formation in sleep?

A

It wakes us up by sending signals to the basal ganglia

36
Q

What hormones promote arousal?

A 
Noradrenaline (Locus coeruleus)
Serotonin (Raphe nuclei)
Acetylcholine (Brain stem and basal forebrain)
Hypocretin (Hypothalamus)
Histamine (Midbrain)
37
Q

What hormones promote sleep?

A

GABA
Adenosine
Dopamine

38
Q

What is the dual process of sleep?

A

Sleep-wake homeostasis

Cirdadian rhythm

39
Q

What are Zeitgebers?

A

External cues that help us keep track of day and night

40
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for our biological clock?

A

Hypothalamus

41
Q

What is insomnia?

A

Problems sleeping or staying asleep

42
Q

What causes insomnia?

A 
Overactive thyroid
Mental and physical health 
Medication
Stress
Environment
43
Q

What is parasomnia?

A

A catergory of sleep disorders involving abnormal movements and behaviours

44
Q

What are some types of parasomnia?

A

Sleep walking
Night terrors
Sexomnia

45
Q

What is REM sleep behaviour disorder?

A

Lack of paralysis during sleep so muscles are free to move and act out dreams

46
Q

What is the psychological function theory of why we dream?

A

To preserve neural pathways by providing the brain with stimulation

47
Q

What is the synthesis theory of why we dream?

A

Dreams are the brain trying to make sense of neural activity

48
Q

What type of sleep is better for consolidating declarative memory?

49
Q

What type of sleep is better for consolidating procedural memory?

Biological Psychology 2 (10 decks)

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