(8) Non-current assets Flashcards

1
Q

What are PPE assets?

A

PPE assets are tangible items that:

i. are held for use in the production or supply of goods/services, for rental, for administrative purposes, and,
ii. are expected to be used during more than one period

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2
Q

What are PPE assets initially recorded at?

A

At cost - the amount of cash / cash equivalents paid or the fair value of the other consideration given to acquire the asset

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3
Q

What is fair value?

A

The price that would be
received to sell an asset or paid to transfer
a liability in an orderly transaction between
market participants at the measurement
date

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4
Q

What does the cost of an asset consists of?

A

The cost consists of the fair value of all expenditures necessary to,

1) acquire the asset and,
2) make it ready for its intended use

Costs includes:

  • purchase price
  • freight cost
  • insurance during transit
  • installation costs
  • settlement costs
  • stamp duty
  • accrued property taxes assumed (paid) by purchaser
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5
Q

Example: Cost of land includes

A
  • Cash price of property
  • Demolition/removal cost of warehouse
  • Solicitor’s fee for land purchase
  • Stamp duty on property
  • Land taxes owing from last financial period

NOT INCLUDED: building of new fences on property –> this goes under Land Improvements (asset account)

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6
Q

Define depreciation

A

Depreciation is the process of allocating to expense the cost of a PPE asset over its useful (service) life in a rational and systematic manner

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7
Q

Carrying amount formula

A

Carrying amount = cost - accumulated depreciation

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8
Q

4 factors that contribute to the decline in economic benefit of a depreciable asset

A
  1. Usage of the asset
  2. Physical wear and tear
  3. Technical and commercial obsolescence
  4. Legal life (e.g. expiry dates of related leases)
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9
Q

Straight-line depreciation method

A

When the useful life is the period over which an asset is expected to be available for use by an entity

Formula:
depreciation = (cost - residual value) / useful life

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10
Q

Diminishing balance depreciation method

A

When the useful life is the period over which an asset is expected to be available for use by an entity

  • Usefulness decreases each year
  • Depreciation expense decreases each year as greater benefits are consumed earlier in the asset’s life

Formula:
depreciation = carrying amount * depreciation rate

*depreciation rate = 1 - [(residual_value / cost) ^ (1/useful life)]

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11
Q

Depreciable amount is

A

Cost less residual

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12
Q

Units of production method

A

Useful life is expressed in terms of total units of production or use expected from the asset

Depreciation cost per unit = depreciable amount / useful life (in units)

Depreciation expense = depreciation cost per unit * yearly units of production

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13
Q

During the useful life of an asset, a firm may

incur costs for a) ordinary repairs, b) additions and improvements. Explain a) and b).

A

Ordinary repairs – expense

  • expenses in maintaining operating efficiency of the asset
  • expensed in operating statement

Additions and improvements – capitalise

  • costs incurred to increase operating efficiency, productive capacity or useful life
  • expenditure capitalised and depreciated over asset’s remaining useful life
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14
Q

Disposals of PPE assets include

A
  • Sale
  • Scrapping
  • Exchange
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15
Q

How to record disposal of PPE assets?

A

Step 1: Update depreciation to date of disposal
Step 2: Calculate gain (or loss) on disposal
Step 3: Record the disposal of the asset

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16
Q

Format for calculating gain (or loss) on disposal

A
Cost of office furniture
Less: Accumulated depreciation
Carrying amount
Proceeds from sale
Gain (or loss) on disposal of asset
  • gain (or loss) = proceeds - carrying amount
17
Q

Journal entry for gain on disposal of asset

A
  1. Update depreciation expense
    DR Depreciation expense
    CR Accumulated depreciation
2. Gain on sale
DR Cash at bank
DR Accumulated depreciation
      CR Gain on sale
      CR Cost of PPE
18
Q

Journal entry for loss on disposal of asset

A
  1. Update depreciation expense
    DR Depreciation expense
    CR Accumulated depreciation
2. Gain on sale
DR Cash at bank
DR Accumulated depreciation
DR Loss on sale
      CR Cost of PPE
19
Q

Journal entry for scrapping of asset when carrying amount = 0

A
  1. Update depreciation expense
    DR Depreciation expense
    CR Accumulated depreciation
  2. Record scrapping
    DR Accumulated depreciation
    CR Cost of PPE
20
Q

Journal entry for scrapping of asset when carrying amount > 0

A
  1. Update depreciation expense
    DR Depreciation expense
    CR Accumulated depreciation
  2. Record scrapping
    DR Accumulated depreciation
    DR Loss on scrapping
    CR Cost of PPE
21
Q

PPE records

A
  • A detailed asset register maintained
    as an internal control procedure to
    protect and efficiently manage the
    PPE
  • Subsidiary ledgers are maintained to
    keep details of individual assets
22
Q

Classification of non-current assets (3 categories)

A
  • Property, plant and equipment
  • Intangibles
  • Agricultural or Biological
23
Q

Average useful life of PPE assets

A

Too high an estimated useful life will result in understating depreciation expense and overstating profit

24
Q

Average age of PPE assets

A

A high average age relative to competitors might suggest that the entity’s assets are not as efficient, or that they may be in need of replacement

25
Asset turnover
Asset turnovers provide users some insight into the productivity of an entity’s assets. Users can determine the entity’s level of efficiency in generating sales from its asset base. A high level of efficiency is desirable.