8-Motivation & Emotion Flashcards
_ is a reason for doing something
Motive
Motivation is concerned with _ & _ of behaviour and _ that _ how people behave in certain way
Strength
Direction
Factors
Influence
Which statement is true:
- Motivation is the outer desire of an individual to accomplish someone more
- Motivation is the inner desire to accomplish something less
- Emotion is the inner desire of an individual to accomplish something more
- Motivation is the inner desire of an individual to accomplish something more
4
Identify the correct and incorrect example -
Importance of motivation in an organisational setting can be seen as:
a) low level of performance
b) low employee turnover
c) high absenteeism
d) better organisational image
Incorrect -
a) , c)
Correct -
b) , d)
According to which theory, money was thought to be only incentive (motive) ?
Scientific Management Theory
Later after scientific Management Theory, what were included in incentives? Which Theory gave it?
Working conditions, security & democratic style of supervision;
theory of human relations
Who said that the needs for motivation are high level motives; self-esteem, self-actualisation
Maslow
Alderfer mentioned _ & _ needs for motivation
Growth & personal development
_ said responsibility, recognition, achievement & advancement are prerequisites for motivation
Herzberg
_ & _ are the two types of motivation :
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
_ motivation arises from self-generated factors
- Self motivation
- Extrinsic motivation
- Personal motivation
- Intrinsic motivation
4
_ provides an individual with some degree of autonomy when he feels the importance of work and it’s prioritisation
- Therapy
- Guidance
- Emotion
- None of the above
- Correct answer: Intrinsic motivation
When one is pushed from external sources in order to feel motivated, it is said to be _ motivation
Extrinsic
Extrinsic motivation occurs when _ is done to the person
Rewards, incentives, punishment, critisism, praise, etc
Intrinsic motivators are concerned with
“Quality of working life”
_ motivators are likely to have deeper and longer-term effect because they are _ in individual and are not imposed from _
Intrinsic
Inherent
Outside
Drive can be defined as _
The state of tension or arousal produced by need
_ is defined as the state of tension or _ produced by _
Drive
Arousal
Need
What is considered as the original source of energy that activates an organism
Drive
Drive acts as _ stimulus to push an organism towards its _
Strong, persistent
Goal
Drive is a state of heightened _ leading to _ activity and preparatory _
Tension
Restless
Behaviour
Need is a condition of _ or _ of something required by the organism
Lack
Deficit
Need for food, water, or urination is _ type of need
Physiological
Need for contact with other person, prestige , status, affection, self-esteem is _ need
Social
Incentives refer to the _ which satisfy the _
Goal objects
Needs
Instinct is defined as an _ force that _ the organism to act in a certain eay
Innate biological
Predisposes
5 examples of instincts are
Fight
repulsion
Curiosity
Self-abasement
Acquisition
_ are desirable goals that serve as _ principles in people’s lives
Values
Guiding
_ help to make choices & prioritise needs
Values
_ includes social status, prestige, control, dominance over people and resources
Power
Define :
Drive
Need
Motives
Incentives
Instincts
Values
Refer to PWP book pg 231
_ gave the theory of Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalysis deals with _ motivation
Unconscious
_ & _ and the instincts given by Freud
Life instincts - eros
Death Instincts - thanatos
Eros is _ instinct & thanatos is _ instinct
Life
Death
Which life energy does eros Instinct have?
Libido
_ motivates the individual towards love, sympathy,etc
Eros Instinct (libido)
_ motivates the individual for destructive activities like murder, suicide
Thanatos
_ theory believes that our unconscious mannerism, phobias, are the result of hidden eros & thanatos
Psychoanalysis
Ethological approach studies behaviour based on _ & _ core principles
Adaptive trait (acquired)
Behavioural trait (inherent)
_ gave the concept of ethology
Charles Darwin
Darwin believed that _ traits could _ or _ over time to promote survival
Biological
Adapt or evolve
_ theories talk about adaptation of behaviours for survival
Ethological
_ formed Hormic Psychology
William McDougall
Hormic psychology is based on _ & _ behaviours that are supposed to be motivated by instincts, which are spontaneous, repetitive and variable
Determination & goal-oriented
The word ‘hormic’ means
Animal impulse or urge
_ & _ theorists are related to humanistic approach of motivation
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
Humanistic theory believes in the striving tendency of the individual for realising his _ , strengthening _ and attaining _
Potentialities
Self-confidence
Ideal self
Competence motivation theory was given by _ in the year _
Harter
1978
Competence motivation theory is _ view of behaviour
Interactionist
_ theory incorporates both individual and situational factors for motivation
Harter’s competence motivation theory
Harter’s competence motivation is originally derived from _ , year f
White
1959
_ theory says that people are intrinsically motivated to master specific domains
Harter’s competence motivation theory
Harter’s competence motivation theory says that motivation decreases when people believe they are _ in a specific domain
Not competent
_ theory is also called control theory
Self-regulation
Self-regulation theory says what one _ to accomplish & how one _ to do it
Chooses
Tried
Which theory emphasizes on negative feedback control
Control/self-regulation theory
3 steps of self-regulation theory are
GPC:
Goal selection
Preparation for action
Cybernetic cycle of behaviour
Cybernetics is the study of
How one uses info to regulate their actions / (action plan)
4 stages of 3rd step of self-regulation theory is
Cybernetic cycle of behaviour:
TOTE
Test phase - compare where I stand to where I have to reach (goal)
Operate - actions taken to reach that goal
Test again - comparing the progress
End, quit - once the goal is reached, action plan ends
_ is the belief about ability to succeed
Self- efficacy
_ is defined as what one maybe like in future
Possible selves
Who coined the term ‘possible selves’
Markus & her colleagues
_ means awareness about the self
Self-awareness
Who gave the concept of flow?
Csikszentmihalyi
Flow theory states that flow remains until _
One completes and interested goal/task
Flow theory says motivation to attain goals arise out of _
Interaction
Which among the following are meta-skills :
a) Focus
b)Curiosity
c) Determination
d)Persistence
e) Low self-esteem
f) high self-esteem
g) Intrinsic ability to be motivated
b d e g
Hull gave the theory called as
Drive reduction theory of reinforcement
_ is one of the 1st social motives to be studied
Achievement
_ theory says that we are motivated to seek goals that give us good emotional feeling & avoid goals resulting in displeasure
Opponent Process theory
Who gave the Theory of sensation seeking?
Zuckerman
Sensation seeking is high in individuals with low _, seeking arousal from _
Nervous system activation
External environment
People with high nervous system activation are majorly motivated _
Intrinsically
Sensation seeking is influenced _ as it is _
Genetically
Evolutionary adaptive
Sensation seeking scale was given in the year
1964
Sensation seeking scale has 4 sub scales viz :
TEDB
Thrill & adventure seeking
Experience seeking
Disinhibition
Boredom susceptibility (sensitivity)
Sensation seeking scale is used to measure
Level of sensitivity to excitement or bored them in context of sensory deprivation experiment
What is the 2nd factor that influences motivation
Curiosity
The two types of curiosity that stimulate intrinsic motivation are
Sensory
Cognitive
Which Theory differs with their curiosity is primary or secondary drive
Drive theory
Langevin in 1971 gave the measures of curiosity as _ & _
Motivational state
Personality trait
Who said boredom is a prerequisite for curiosity or exploration
Fowler
Who said curiosity is derivation of sex drive
Freud
Whose view is the basis for intrinsic motivation view point in curiosity theory
Blares view
The other name for reinforcement theory is _
O.B Model
Organisational behaviour modification theory
Who gave the O.B model
B F Skinner
Which theory explain the behaviour in terms of previous positive or negative experience
O.B MODEL
Who gave the two factor theory model of motivation
Fredrick Herzberg
Herzberg’s two factor theory model explains connection between _ and _
Workplace motivation & employee attitude
What are the two factors mentioned by Herzberg
Hygiene & satisfiers/motivators
_ factors are extrinsic and _ are intrinsic in herzberg model
Hygiene
Satisfiers
The hygiene factors include _ _ and satisfiers include _ _
Job security
High salary
-
Responsibility
Job satisfaction
Recognition
_ gave the social learning theory in year _
Albert bandura, 1977
Reciprocal determinism means
Situations affect individual behaviour (motivation) & individual influences situation
According social learning theory what is the determinant of future behaviour
Reinforcement
Who gave equity theory
John Stacey Adams
Which theory is called as logical theory of workplace motivation
Equity theory by John Stacey Adams
Equity theory says that _ must be equal to _
Inputs / efforts
Rewards / outputs
What leads to low performance or motivation among employees according to equity theory
Inequalities
Latham and locke give _ theory in year _
Goal theory
1979
According to goal theory motivation in performance will be high when
Individual sets specific goals and get feedback on performance
According to goal theory what is vital in maintaining motivation
Feedback on performance
Who gave the theory of expectancy & in which year?
Porter & Lawler
1968
Expectancy theory is originally derived from _ theory
Vroom’s VIE theory
According to expectancy theory motivation will be high when
One knows or expects that they will be able to get the reward
What does Vroom’s VIE theory say?
Motivation is equal to = V x I x E
Valency - value
Instrumentality - belief that if we do one thing, it will lead to another
Expectancy - expecting certain effort will lead to desired outcome
According to expectancy theory they say that motivation is only likely when _ and _ relationship exist between _ & _
Clearly perceived & usable
Performance & outcome
According to expectancy theory, the efforts put in any work or the motivation will be high depending on _ & _
Abilities
Role perception
Content Theories tells about _ of motivation and process theories tells about _ of motivation
What’s
How’s
What is the other name for process theory
Cognitive theory
Who said that process theory provides a much more relevant approach to motivation than Maslow and Herzberg
Guest
_ gave the AAP needs motivation in year _
Mc Clelland
1961
The other name for Mc Clelland’ s motivation theory is :
Achievement motivation/Acquired needs theory
Three components of Mc Clelland’ s theory are _ _ _
Achievement affiliation power
Which test/scale is used to measure strength of Clelland’s acquired needs
TAT - Thematic Apperception Test
_ gave the ERG theory in year _
Alderfer, 1972
Which theory is extension of maslow’s theory
Alderfer’s ERG theory
Alderfer’s theory has 3 components as :
Existence needs
Relatedness needs
Growth needs
Which components are included in maslow’s theory according to Alderfer
Esteem and self actualization
According to Alderfer _ are the existence needs and _ are relatedness needs of maslow
Physiological
Safety
-
Social & half of self esteem
What is the difference between Alderfer’s theory and maslow’s theory
Alderfers Theory Doesn’t need to start from the starting stage it can focus on any stage
Maslow gave his theory in year_
1954
What is the best known theory of motivation
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
What are the five needs according to maslow
Physiological safety social esteem self actualization
What are the other two needs added to maslow’s theory
Aesthetic cognitive needs transcendant needs
Self actualization means
Need to become what we are capable like growth self fullfilment
Transcendant needs means
Helping others achieve self actualization when one has already achieved it
The first four states of maslow are known as _ needs the self actualization stage is known as _ needs
Deficiency
Growth
