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A🎯🧠🌊🫀 > 8-Motivation & Emotion > Flashcards

8-Motivation & Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

_ is a reason for doing something

A

Motive

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2
Q

Motivation is concerned with _ & _ of behaviour and _ that _ how people behave in certain way

A

Strength
Direction
Factors
Influence

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3
Q

Which statement is true:

  1. Motivation is the outer desire of an individual to accomplish someone more
  2. Motivation is the inner desire to accomplish something less
  3. Emotion is the inner desire of an individual to accomplish something more
  4. Motivation is the inner desire of an individual to accomplish something more
A

4

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4
Q

Identify the correct and incorrect example -

Importance of motivation in an organisational setting can be seen as:
a) low level of performance
b) low employee turnover
c) high absenteeism
d) better organisational image

A

Incorrect -
a) , c)
Correct -
b) , d)

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5
Q

According to which theory, money was thought to be only incentive (motive) ?

A

Scientific Management Theory

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6
Q

Later after scientific Management Theory, what were included in incentives? Which Theory gave it?

A

Working conditions, security & democratic style of supervision;

theory of human relations

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7
Q

Who said that the needs for motivation are high level motives; self-esteem, self-actualisation

A

Maslow

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8
Q

Alderfer mentioned _ & _ needs for motivation

A

Growth & personal development

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9
Q

_ said responsibility, recognition, achievement & advancement are prerequisites for motivation

A

Herzberg

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10
Q

_ & _ are the two types of motivation :

A

Intrinsic
Extrinsic

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11
Q

_ motivation arises from self-generated factors

  1. Self motivation
  2. Extrinsic motivation
  3. Personal motivation
  4. Intrinsic motivation
A

4

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12
Q

_ provides an individual with some degree of autonomy when he feels the importance of work and it’s prioritisation

  1. Therapy
  2. Guidance
  3. Emotion
  4. None of the above
A
  1. Correct answer: Intrinsic motivation
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13
Q

When one is pushed from external sources in order to feel motivated, it is said to be _ motivation

A

Extrinsic

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14
Q

Extrinsic motivation occurs when _ is done to the person

A

Rewards, incentives, punishment, critisism, praise, etc

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15
Q

Intrinsic motivators are concerned with

A

“Quality of working life”

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16
Q

_ motivators are likely to have deeper and longer-term effect because they are _ in individual and are not imposed from _

A

Intrinsic
Inherent
Outside

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17
Q

Drive can be defined as _

A

The state of tension or arousal produced by need

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18
Q

_ is defined as the state of tension or _ produced by _

A

Drive
Arousal
Need

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19
Q

What is considered as the original source of energy that activates an organism

A

Drive

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20
Q

Drive acts as _ stimulus to push an organism towards its _

A

Strong, persistent
Goal

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21
Q

Drive is a state of heightened _ leading to _ activity and preparatory _

A

Tension
Restless
Behaviour

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22
Q

Need is a condition of _ or _ of something required by the organism

A

Lack
Deficit

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23
Q

Need for food, water, or urination is _ type of need

A

Physiological

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24
Q

Need for contact with other person, prestige , status, affection, self-esteem is _ need

A

Social

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25
Q

Incentives refer to the _ which satisfy the _

A

Goal objects
Needs

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26
Q

Instinct is defined as an _ force that _ the organism to act in a certain eay

A

Innate biological
Predisposes

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27
Q

5 examples of instincts are

A

Fight
repulsion
Curiosity
Self-abasement
Acquisition

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28
Q

_ are desirable goals that serve as _ principles in people’s lives

A

Values
Guiding

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29
Q

_ help to make choices & prioritise needs

A

Values

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30
Q

_ includes social status, prestige, control, dominance over people and resources

A

Power

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31
Q

Define :

Drive
Need
Motives
Incentives
Instincts
Values

A

Refer to PWP book pg 231

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32
Q

_ gave the theory of Psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

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33
Q

Psychoanalysis deals with _ motivation

A

Unconscious

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34
Q

_ & _ and the instincts given by Freud

A

Life instincts - eros
Death Instincts - thanatos

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35
Q

Eros is _ instinct & thanatos is _ instinct

A

Life
Death

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36
Q

Which life energy does eros Instinct have?

A

Libido

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37
Q

_ motivates the individual towards love, sympathy,etc

A

Eros Instinct (libido)

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38
Q

_ motivates the individual for destructive activities like murder, suicide

A

Thanatos

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39
Q

_ theory believes that our unconscious mannerism, phobias, are the result of hidden eros & thanatos

A

Psychoanalysis

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40
Q

Ethological approach studies behaviour based on _ & _ core principles

A

Adaptive trait (acquired)
Behavioural trait (inherent)

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41
Q

_ gave the concept of ethology

A

Charles Darwin

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42
Q

Darwin believed that _ traits could _ or _ over time to promote survival

A

Biological
Adapt or evolve

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43
Q

_ theories talk about adaptation of behaviours for survival

A

Ethological

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44
Q

_ formed Hormic Psychology

A

William McDougall

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45
Q

Hormic psychology is based on _ & _ behaviours that are supposed to be motivated by instincts, which are spontaneous, repetitive and variable

A

Determination & goal-oriented

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46
Q

The word ‘hormic’ means

A

Animal impulse or urge

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47
Q

_ & _ theorists are related to humanistic approach of motivation

A

Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers

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48
Q

Humanistic theory believes in the striving tendency of the individual for realising his _ , strengthening _ and attaining _

A

Potentialities
Self-confidence
Ideal self

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49
Q

Competence motivation theory was given by _ in the year _

A

Harter
1978

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50
Q

Competence motivation theory is _ view of behaviour

A

Interactionist

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51
Q

_ theory incorporates both individual and situational factors for motivation

A

Harter’s competence motivation theory

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52
Q

Harter’s competence motivation is originally derived from _ , year f

A

White
1959

53
Q

_ theory says that people are intrinsically motivated to master specific domains

A

Harter’s competence motivation theory

54
Q

Harter’s competence motivation theory says that motivation decreases when people believe they are _ in a specific domain

A

Not competent

55
Q

_ theory is also called control theory

A

Self-regulation

56
Q

Self-regulation theory says what one _ to accomplish & how one _ to do it

A

Chooses
Tried

57
Q

Which theory emphasizes on negative feedback control

A

Control/self-regulation theory

58
Q

3 steps of self-regulation theory are

A

GPC:
Goal selection
Preparation for action
Cybernetic cycle of behaviour

59
Q

Cybernetics is the study of

A

How one uses info to regulate their actions / (action plan)

60
Q

4 stages of 3rd step of self-regulation theory is

A

Cybernetic cycle of behaviour:
TOTE
Test phase - compare where I stand to where I have to reach (goal)
Operate - actions taken to reach that goal
Test again - comparing the progress
End, quit - once the goal is reached, action plan ends

61
Q

_ is the belief about ability to succeed

A

Self- efficacy

62
Q

_ is defined as what one maybe like in future

A

Possible selves

63
Q

Who coined the term ‘possible selves’

A

Markus & her colleagues

64
Q

_ means awareness about the self

A

Self-awareness

65
Q

Who gave the concept of flow?

A

Csikszentmihalyi

66
Q

Flow theory states that flow remains until _

A

One completes and interested goal/task

67
Q

Flow theory says motivation to attain goals arise out of _

A

Interaction

68
Q

Which among the following are meta-skills :
a) Focus
b)Curiosity
c) Determination
d)Persistence
e) Low self-esteem
f) high self-esteem
g) Intrinsic ability to be motivated

A

b d e g

69
Q

Hull gave the theory called as

A

Drive reduction theory of reinforcement

70
Q

_ is one of the 1st social motives to be studied

A

Achievement

71
Q

_ theory says that we are motivated to seek goals that give us good emotional feeling & avoid goals resulting in displeasure

A

Opponent Process theory

72
Q

Who gave the Theory of sensation seeking?

A

Zuckerman

73
Q

Sensation seeking is high in individuals with low _, seeking arousal from _

A

Nervous system activation
External environment

74
Q

People with high nervous system activation are majorly motivated _

A

Intrinsically

75
Q

Sensation seeking is influenced _ as it is _

A

Genetically
Evolutionary adaptive

76
Q

Sensation seeking scale was given in the year

A

1964

77
Q

Sensation seeking scale has 4 sub scales viz :

A

TEDB
Thrill & adventure seeking
Experience seeking
Disinhibition
Boredom susceptibility (sensitivity)

78
Q

Sensation seeking scale is used to measure

A

Level of sensitivity to excitement or bored them in context of sensory deprivation experiment

79
Q

What is the 2nd factor that influences motivation

A

Curiosity

80
Q

The two types of curiosity that stimulate intrinsic motivation are

A

Sensory
Cognitive

81
Q

Which Theory differs with their curiosity is primary or secondary drive

A

Drive theory

82
Q

Langevin in 1971 gave the measures of curiosity as _ & _

A

Motivational state
Personality trait

83
Q

Who said boredom is a prerequisite for curiosity or exploration

A

Fowler

84
Q

Who said curiosity is derivation of sex drive

A

Freud

85
Q

Whose view is the basis for intrinsic motivation view point in curiosity theory

A

Blares view

86
Q

The other name for reinforcement theory is _

A

O.B Model

Organisational behaviour modification theory

87
Q

Who gave the O.B model

A

B F Skinner

88
Q

Which theory explain the behaviour in terms of previous positive or negative experience

A

O.B MODEL

89
Q

Who gave the two factor theory model of motivation

A

Fredrick Herzberg

90
Q

Herzberg’s two factor theory model explains connection between _ and _

A

Workplace motivation & employee attitude

91
Q

What are the two factors mentioned by Herzberg

A

Hygiene & satisfiers/motivators

92
Q

_ factors are extrinsic and _ are intrinsic in herzberg model

A

Hygiene
Satisfiers

93
Q

The hygiene factors include _ _ and satisfiers include _ _

A

Job security
High salary
-
Responsibility
Job satisfaction
Recognition

94
Q

_ gave the social learning theory in year _

A

Albert bandura, 1977

95
Q

Reciprocal determinism means

A

Situations affect individual behaviour (motivation) & individual influences situation

96
Q

According social learning theory what is the determinant of future behaviour

A

Reinforcement

97
Q

Who gave equity theory

A

John Stacey Adams

98
Q

Which theory is called as logical theory of workplace motivation

A

Equity theory by John Stacey Adams

99
Q

Equity theory says that _ must be equal to _

A

Inputs / efforts
Rewards / outputs

100
Q

What leads to low performance or motivation among employees according to equity theory

A

Inequalities

101
Q

Latham and locke give _ theory in year _

A

Goal theory
1979

102
Q

According to goal theory motivation in performance will be high when

A

Individual sets specific goals and get feedback on performance

103
Q

According to goal theory what is vital in maintaining motivation

A

Feedback on performance

104
Q

Who gave the theory of expectancy & in which year?

A

Porter & Lawler
1968

105
Q

Expectancy theory is originally derived from _ theory

A

Vroom’s VIE theory

106
Q

According to expectancy theory motivation will be high when

A

One knows or expects that they will be able to get the reward

107
Q

What does Vroom’s VIE theory say?

A

Motivation is equal to = V x I x E

Valency - value
Instrumentality - belief that if we do one thing, it will lead to another
Expectancy - expecting certain effort will lead to desired outcome

108
Q

According to expectancy theory they say that motivation is only likely when _ and _ relationship exist between _ & _

A

Clearly perceived & usable

Performance & outcome

109
Q

According to expectancy theory, the efforts put in any work or the motivation will be high depending on _ & _

A

Abilities
Role perception

110
Q

Content Theories tells about _ of motivation and process theories tells about _ of motivation

A

What’s
How’s

111
Q

What is the other name for process theory

A

Cognitive theory

112
Q

Who said that process theory provides a much more relevant approach to motivation than Maslow and Herzberg

A

Guest

113
Q

_ gave the AAP needs motivation in year _

A

Mc Clelland
1961

114
Q

The other name for Mc Clelland’ s motivation theory is :

A

Achievement motivation/Acquired needs theory

115
Q

Three components of Mc Clelland’ s theory are _ _ _

A

Achievement affiliation power

116
Q

Which test/scale is used to measure strength of Clelland’s acquired needs

A

TAT - Thematic Apperception Test

117
Q

_ gave the ERG theory in year _

A

Alderfer, 1972

118
Q

Which theory is extension of maslow’s theory

A

Alderfer’s ERG theory

119
Q

Alderfer’s theory has 3 components as :

A

Existence needs
Relatedness needs
Growth needs

120
Q

Which components are included in maslow’s theory according to Alderfer

A

Esteem and self actualization

121
Q

According to Alderfer _ are the existence needs and _ are relatedness needs of maslow

A

Physiological
Safety
-
Social & half of self esteem

122
Q

What is the difference between Alderfer’s theory and maslow’s theory

A

Alderfers Theory Doesn’t need to start from the starting stage it can focus on any stage

123
Q

Maslow gave his theory in year_

A

1954

124
Q

What is the best known theory of motivation

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

125
Q

What are the five needs according to maslow

A

Physiological safety social esteem self actualization

126
Q

What are the other two needs added to maslow’s theory

A

Aesthetic cognitive needs transcendant needs

127
Q

Self actualization means

A

Need to become what we are capable like growth self fullfilment

128
Q

Transcendant needs means

A

Helping others achieve self actualization when one has already achieved it

129
Q

The first four states of maslow are known as _ needs the self actualization stage is known as _ needs

A

Deficiency
Growth

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