8) Higher Cortical Function Flashcards
What functions do the Frontal Lobe have ?
> Motor > Expression of Speech (Left Hemisphere), Broca's Area > Behavioural Regulation > Cognition > Eye Movements > Continence
What functions do the Parietal Lobes have ?
> Sensory
Comprehension of Speech, Wernicke’s Area
Body Image and Awareness of External Environment
Calculation and Writing
What functions do the temporal lobe have ?
> Hearing
Olfaction
Memory, contains hippocacmpus
Emotion
What is presented in Frontal Lobe Lesions ?
> Impairment of Speech
> Loss of Motor Activity
What is presented in Parietal Lobe Lesions ?
> Loss of Sensation > Asterogonosis (Can't identify 3D shape) > Apraxia > Neglect > Language Impairments
What is presented in Temporal Lobe Lesions
> Forgetfulness
Hallucinations of Hearing, Taste,Smell (Epilepsy)
Visual field defects
What main roles does the Left Hemisphere have
> Language
> Maths
What main roles does the Right Hemisphere have ?
> Body Image
Emotion
Music
What function is Broca’s Areas related to?
Found in the Infero-lateral Frontal Lobe
> Responsible for the production of Speech
What function is Wernicke’s Area related to ?
Found at the parietal Temporal Junction
> Responsible for comprehension of speech
How do Broca and Wernicke;s area communicate
Communicate via the Arcuate Fasciculus
Outline the processing needed to repeating a heard word.
1) Auditory Cortex gets information due to vibrations of the cochlea
2) Information is sent to WA
3) Sent to BA
4) BA projects onto lateral motor cortex
Process is the same for Seen word and Thought word substitute location of initial information
What types of memory exist ? And where they are stored
Declarative (Explicit) => Factual Information, Stored in the Cerebral Cortex
Non Declarative (Implicit) => Motor Skills, Emotion. Stored in subcortical structures
What is Consolidation ?
Short term to Long term memory
What factors can affect Consolidation ?
1) Emotional context
2) Rehearsal
3) Association
What does the Hippocampus do to Explicit Memory
Helps Consolidate it via its output pathway
What is Long Term Potentiation ?
> Changes in Glutamate Receptors in synapses leading to synaptic strengthening
New physical connections form between neurones to further strengthen connections (Axonal Sprouting)
Memory Consolidations
What is presented in a patient with Broca’s Lesion ?
Speech which isn’t fluent however, patient is able to understand language
What is presented in a patient with Wernicke’s Lesion ?
Patients can not understand language but speech is fluent
