8: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

What does diagnosis depend upon for newborns (5)?

A
  1. Facial features
  2. Suspected alcohol exposure
  3. Low birth weight
  4. Poor growth
  5. Microcephaly
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2
Q

Facial abnormalities (7).

A
  1. Small eye openings
  2. Nearsightedness
  3. Short, upturned nose
  4. Smooth philtrum
  5. Cleft palate
  6. Small jaw
  7. Low-set/poorly formed ears
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3
Q

When is diagnosis easier for FAS?

A

Between 2-11 yo when facial features are still prominent and learning disabilities emerge (ADD/ADHD). Harder as adolescent or adult when facial features are harder to distinguish.

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4
Q

Mothers of FAS babies may have higher peak blood levels because of what?

A

The enzyme that breaks down alcohol is less functional.

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5
Q

Skeletal deformities (6).

A
  1. Deformed ribs
  2. Curved spine
  3. Hip dislocations
  4. Webbed/missing fingers
  5. Limited joint movement
  6. Small head
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6
Q

Central nervous system deformities (6).

A
  1. Small brain
  2. Faulty arrangement of brain cells and connective tissue
  3. IDD
  4. Short attention span
  5. Impulsive behavior
  6. Hyperactivity
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7
Q

First-trimester exposure effects include _____ and _____ abnormalities.

A

Craniofacial and organ

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8
Q

Organ deformities (3).

A
  1. Heart defects/murmurs
  2. Kidney defects
  3. Urinary defects
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9
Q

Specific pathophysiology is unknown but may involve _____ that causes cellular damage to the developing tissues of the fetus.

A

Free radical formation

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10
Q

With alcohol consumption later in pregnancy we see _____.

A

Decreased fetal growth

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11
Q

Excessive cell death in the _____ may result in observed facial features.

A

Midline

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12
Q

T/F Absolute threshold and critical time period is suspected but not documented.

A

True

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13
Q

Most common human teratogen.

A

Alcohol

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14
Q

Characteristics of FAS (9).

A
  1. Small eye openings
  2. Smooth philtrum
  3. Thin upper lip
  4. Small heads
  5. Abnormal joints/limbs
  6. Poor coordination
  7. Learning problems
  8. Short memories
  9. Cleft palate
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15
Q

Growth deficiencies (3).

A
  1. Small body size/weight
  2. Slower-than-normal development
  3. Failure to catch up
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16
Q

In animal studies, in the 3rd trimester, increased exposure to alcohol decreases the size/weight of the _____ and the number of _____.

A

Brain

Neurons

17
Q

What is the average IQ in FAS?

A

Average is 66. Range is 60s-105.

18
Q

_____ exposure during pregnancy can cause more severe, consistent effects.

A

Early

19
Q

T/F Alcohol also affects nutrition and health maintenance.

A

True. Mothers abusing alcohol are frequently also abusing other substances and not eating a nutritious diet.

20
Q

What is probably most important with alcohol exposure?

A

Peak blood alcohol concentration

21
Q

T/F Binge drinking is more dangerous than low, consistent consumption.

A

True. Can predict severe effects from binge (5 or more in 1 sitting) BUT effects of low total consumption are not known (1-2/week).