8. Clinical stuff

Question 1

Gingivitis
- what is it
- defining characteristics

Answer 1

Host inflammatory protective response to biofilm mass exceeding normal limits
REVERSIBLE process
No clinical attachment loss
=/= periodontitis

Characteristics:
Colour- red Contour- rolled gingival margins, bulbous, blunted or cratered interdental papillae, Consistency fluid-filled, spongy, retractable gingiva Texture shiny, loss of stippling Exudate present
PPD < or equal to 3mm
BOP (localised or generalised)

Question 2

Informed consent for radiography

Answer 2

Diagnosis
Nature of Tx + quantity
Indications - reasons for Tx
Benefits
Options/alternative
Consequences of not taking

Risks: if patient asks
Costs

Question 3

Rationale for informed consent

what do you need for valid consent

Answer 3

Ethics - 4 principles
Patient autonomy
Legal obligation
Social

Consent to be valid- 1) Patient giving consent must have capcity 2) consent must be freely given 3) consent must be sufficiently specific to procedure or treatment 4) consent must be informed

Question 4

Material risks

Answer 4

Risks that relate to the particular circumstance of the particular patient that can influence the provsision of consent
E.g. pregnant patients, young children, occupational radiation exposure

Question 5

ALARA
Staff and patient safety during radiation exposure

Answer 5

Staff
Never exposed to primary beam
At least 2m away from patient and x-ray tube
Behind a wall with lead thickness equivalent to 0.15mm or apron with 0.25mm
Don’t hold patient or receptor

Patient
As low exposure as possible to achieve diagnostic imaging
Collimation
Image receptor holder
Low dose

Question 6

Bitewing charting

Answer 6

O/M/D/MOD (+/- B/P) densely radiopaque restoration→ likely metallic
Moderately radiopaque → likely TCR

Radiolucency: - size and location, on enamel or into dentine

Question 7

high speed handpiece vs low speed handpiece

Answer 7

High speed handpiece
- high RPM, vibration-free and low torque, no tactile sensation, provides rapid cutting
- does not require pressure to cut enamel
- requires water coolant to prevent overheating
bulk removal of enamel

Low speed handpiece
- lower RPM, high torque and high vibration, provides greater tactile sensation
- not suitable for cutting enamel as it would require very large pressure
- removal of carious dentine