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GI Final > 8 Clinical Correlations GI > Flashcards

8 Clinical Correlations GI Flashcards

1
Q

Absence of secretion of bile (acholic stools are white clay colored stools in cholelithiasis)

A

Acholic

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2
Q

Lack of appetite

A

Anorexia

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3
Q

Any serious acute intraabdominal condition (appendicitis) attended by pain, tenderness, muscular rigidity and needs emergency surgery

A

Acute abdomen

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4
Q

Rumbling noise caused by propulsion of gas through the intestines

A

Borborygmi

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5
Q

A profound and marked state of constitutional disorder; general ill and malnutrition

A

Cachexia

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6
Q

Stoppage or suppression of bile flow due to factors within or outside the liver

A

Cholestasis

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7
Q

Denotes blood congealed and separated within gastric contents that takes them form of coffee grounds when in contact with the acidic environment

A

Coffee-ground emesis

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8
Q

Acute paroxysmal abdominal pain

A

Colic

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9
Q

Enlarged non-tender gallbladder secondary to pancreatic disease or cancer

A

Courvoiser’s sign

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10
Q

Ecchymosis around the umbilicus secondary to hemorrhage

A

Cullen sign

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11
Q

Stress ulcer/peptic ulcer of the duodenum in a pt with extensive superficial burns

A

Curling ulcer

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12
Q

Stress ulcer/peptic ulcer occurring from severe head injury or with other lesions of the CNS

A

Cushing ulcer

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13
Q

Postprandial epigastric discomfort

A

Dyspepsia

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14
Q

Difficulty swallowing

A

Dysphasgia

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15
Q

Abnormal tissue development, alteration in size, shape, and organization

A

Dysplasia

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16
Q

Having no teeth

A

Edentulous

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17
Q

Inflammation of the esophagus

A

Esophagitis

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18
Q

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

ERCP

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19
Q

Expulsion of swallowed air

A

Eructation

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20
Q

Endoscopic ultrasound

A

EUS

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21
Q

Gas or air in the GI tract expelled through the anus

A

Flatus

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22
Q

Inflammation of the stomach with distinctive histology can and endoscopic features

A

Gastropathy

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23
Q

Gamma-glutamyl transferase, used to determine the cause elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

A

GGT

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24
Q

Flank ecchymosis secondary to hemorrhage

A

Grey turner sign

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25
Q

Foreign body sensation localized in the neck that does not interfere with swallowing and can be relieved by swallowing; often occurs in the setting of anxiety of ODC

A

Globus pharyngeus

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26
Q

Protective response in muscle resulting from pain or fear of movement

A

Guarding

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27
Q

Could indicate appendicitis

A

Heel strike

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28
Q

Vomiting blood

A

Hematemesis

29
Q

Passage of bright red blood stool

A

Hematochezia

30
Q

Yellow staining of Integument, sclera, deeper tissues, and excretions with bile pigments which are increased in plasma

A

Icterus

31
Q

Pt flexes hip against your resistance; increased abdominal pain positive test; irritation of psoas muscle from inflammation of the appendix

A

Iliopsoas muscle test

32
Q

Plain abdominal x-ray of kidney, ureters, and bladder

A

KUB Xray

33
Q

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding

A

LGIB

34
Q

Tap the area of the back over the kidney, positivity produces pain, infection around kidney

A

Lloyd punch

35
Q

Rebound tenderness 1/3 away from ASIS and umbilicus, appendicitis/peritoneal irritation

A

McBurneys Point

36
Q

Dark colored stool, broken down hemosiderin in bowl, tarry

A

Melina

37
Q

Lower abdominal pain in the middle of the menstrual cycle doesn’t cause rebound tenderness

A

Mittelschmerz

38
Q

Magnetic resonance choliangiopancreatography

A

MRCP

39
Q

Palpate deeply under R costal margin during inspiration and observe pain; tests for acute cholecystitis or cholelithiasis

A

Murphys sign

40
Q

Sensation of impeding urge to vomit

A

Nausea

41
Q

Severe intractable constipation caused by intestinal obstruction

A

Obstipation

42
Q

Flex pts R thigh with knee bent and internally rotate hip; R hypogastric pain is positive; irritation of obturator m from inflamed appendix

A

Obturator muscle test

43
Q

Painful swallowing

A

Odynophagia

44
Q

Abnormal presence of gas in biliary system/bile ducts

A

Pneumobilia

45
Q

Abnormal presence of air/gas in mediastinum; may interfere with respiration and circulation; lead to pneumothorax’ pneumopericardium

A

Pneumomediastinum

46
Q

Abnormal presence of air or gas in peritoneal cavity

A

Pneumoperitoneum

47
Q

Retrocecal appendix; RLQ pain with passive R hip extension

A

Psoas sign

48
Q

Substernal burning sensation, heartburn

A

Pyrosis

49
Q

Pain upon removal of pressure rather than application of pressure; tests for peritoneal inflammation or acute abdomen

A

Rebound tenderness

50
Q

Effortless reflux of liquid or gastric or esophageal food contents in the absence of N/V; spontaneous reflux of gastric contents into mouth

A

Regurgitation

51
Q

Peristalsis of stomach and esophagus conducted with a closed glottis

A

Retching

52
Q

Hard abdomen, involuntary reflex contraction of abdominal wall

A

Rigidity

53
Q

Pain in the RLQ during left sided pressure, referred to rebound tenderness seen in appendicitis

A

Rovsing’s sign

54
Q

Fatty, greasy stools

A

Steatorrhea

55
Q

Ineffectual and painful straining at stool or urination

A

Tenesmus

56
Q

Upper gastrointestinal bleed

A

UGIB

57
Q

Local defect, of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by the sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue

A

Ulcer

58
Q

Stone from kidney making its way through ureter to bladder, urine analysis will show hematuria

A

Ureterolithiasis

59
Q

Palpable mass, lymph node in the L supraclavicular/sternoclavicula fossa

A

Virchow’s node

60
Q

Queasiness, retching, forceful ejection of upper gut contents from mouth

A

Vomiting/emesis

61
Q

Onset of pain .5-1.5 hours after the inciting event like food or NSAIDS

Located along the lesser curvature of the stomach

H. Pylori risk for complications

A

Gastric ulcer

62
Q

Most common

Common to proximal duodenum

Can be from gastronomic (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)

Onset of pain 3-5 hours after inching event

H. Pylori risk for complications

A

Duodenal ulcer

63
Q

Causes of peptic ulcer disease

A

H. Pylori, NSAIDS, tobacco, EtOH, neoplasia,

64
Q

Alarm features in dyspepsia

A

Unintentional weight loss

Progressive dysphagia

Odynophagia

Unexplained iron deficiency anemia

Persistent vomiting

Palpable mass, lymphadenopathy

Family history of upper GI cancer

65
Q

Inflammation with mucosal injury

Infections agents like H. Pylori due to increase gastric acid secretion

Epithelial cell damage and regeneration without inflammation

A

Gastritis

Gastropathy

66
Q

Loss of peristalsis in the distal 2/3 of the esophagus; incomplete LES relaxation during swallowing

***birds beak sign?

A

Achalasia

67
Q

Chagas disease causes

A

Secondary alchalasia

68
Q

Most prevalent chronic bacterial disease

PUD, chronic gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric MALT

Detection?

A

H. Pylori

Urea breath test

69
Q

Releases cytotoxins that breakdown the mucosal barrier and underlying cells

Uses the enzyme ___.

A

H. Pylori

Urease

GI Final (11 decks)

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