8) Alliances and shifts Flashcards
what was a nuclear umbrella?
a nuclear capacity that could be used to protect e a range of allies
when was SEATO formed and what was it?
The Southeast Asia collective defence treaty
prevent communism from gaining ground
which countries were in SEATO?
Thailand Philippines Pakistan New Zealand Australia US France Britain
when did the FRG (federal republic of Germany) join the council of Europe?
November 1949
they received the the right to establish consulates in other countries and to have direct representation on the OEEC( organisation of European economic cooperation)
when was west Germany admitted a member of NATO?
May 1955
it underlines the USA’s commitment towards the centrality of Germany as a regional force as well as the concept for regional alliances designed to contain communism as effectively as possible and at the lowest possible cost to the USA
when was the Warsaw Pact created and what was it?
it was created in reaction to the integration of west Germany into NATO in 1955
was seen by the Soviet Union as a means of legitimising its influence in Eastern Europe just as NATO had legitimised the US influence in Western Europe
it was presented as a collective defensive strategy and therefore a non threatening alliance
it served as a military reinforcement of the USSR’s satellite structure
consolidated the political and economic relationship between the USSR and its satellites
who were the members of the Warsaw Pact?
Hungary Poland Czechoslovakia USSR Bulgaria Romania Albania East Germany
who took over Truman?
Eisenhower
what points did Eisenhower accept?
- USA must retain sufficient influence in Western Europe
- must retain its influence in Asia
- soviet threat was real and significant- containment was fundamental to us security interests
- the USA must retain a strong nuclear arsenal and conventional forces to deter and counter soviet opportunism
what was the new look policy?
Aim was to reduce the dominance of Soviet communism globally
acceptance of liberation- insisted that this could only occur through peaceful means.
what did Eisenhower want?
-increased reliance on nuclear weaponry
what was the NSC 162/2 report and when was it made?
1953
defined the Cold War national security policy during the Eisenhower administration
emphasised the view that there most effective way to deter aggression against Western Europe was for the USA to forcefully display its determination to use nuclear weapons and its nuclear superiority against any aggressor
what was brinkmanship?
a strategy designed to convince ones opponent that there is a risk of war or actual conflict
idea was to use this to attempt to force agreements from communist opponents
Dulles was convinced that this was essential in foreigm policy against a potential aggressor
what was the domino theory?
was a cold war policy that suggested a communist government in one nation would quickly lead to communist takeovers in neighbouring states
by 1952 how many casualties had the French suffered in its bid to hold on to Vietnam?
90000
benefits of Vietnam
- geostrategically important within the context of Southeast Asia
- was useful market place for Japanese goods and the strengthening of Japanese economy
who was Ho Chi Minh?
was central in the foundation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945
was a communist and nationalist
what was the Viet Minh?
nationalist and communist military force in Vietnam
what and when was the Geneva conference?
July 1954
called in response to developments in Vietnam
it was intended to settle outstanding issues resulting from the Korean War and the First Indochina War
it was agreed that two states were to be created, with the 17th parallel acting as a divide
French forces were to move out of the northern zone
nationalist forces were to move out of the southern zone
division wasn’t meant to be permanent and national elections were to take place in 2 years
