8. Alkyl Halides and Elimination Reactions Flashcards
A chemical reaction in which elements of the starting material are “lost” and a π bond is formed.
Elimination Reaction
An elimination reaction in which the elements of hydrogen and halogen are lost from a starting material.
Dehydrohaogenation
An elimination reaction involving the loss of elements from two adjacent atoms.
β Elimination
In an elimination reaction, the carbon that is bonded to the leaving group. In a carbonyl compound, the carbon that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon.
Alpha (α) carbon
In an elimination reaction, the carbon adjacent to the carbon with the leaving group. In a carbonyl compound, the carbon located two carbons from the carbonyl carbon.
Beta (β) carbon
An anion having the general structure RO−, formed by deprotonating an alcohol with a base.
Alkoxide
An aliphatic hydrocarbon that contains a carbon–carbon double bond.
Alkene
An alkene that has one alkyl group and three hydrogens bonded to the carbons of the double bond (RCH═CH2).
Monosubstituted Alkene
An alkene that has two alkyl groups and two hydrogens bonded to the carbons of the double bond (R2C═CH2 or RCH═CHR).
Disubstituted Alkene
An elimination mechanism that goes by a one-step concerted process, in which both reactants are involved in the transition state.
Elimination Bimolecular “E2 mechanism”
An elimination mechanism that goes by a two-step process involving a carbocation intermediate.
Elimination Unimolecular “E1 mechanism”
In a β elimination reaction, a rule that states that the major product is the alkene with the most substituted double bond.
Zaitsev rule
A reaction that yields predominantly or exclusively one constitutional isomer when more than one constitutional isomer is possible.
Regioselective reaction
A reaction that yields predominantly or exclusively one stereoisomer when two or more stereoisomers are possible.
Stereoselective reaction
