8. acids and bases Flashcards
acids are
proton donors
acids produce __ in aqueous solution
H+ ions
bases are
proton acceptors (want to grab H+ ions)
bases that are soluble in water are known as
alkalis
alkalis release __ in solution
OH- ions
common acids
HCl hydrochloric acid
H2SO4 sulfuric aid
HNO3 nitric acid
CH3COOH ethanoic acid
common bases
NaOH sodium hydroxide
KOH potassium hydroxide
NH3 ammonia
acids equation
HA + H2O H3O+ + A-
bases equation
B + H2O BH+ + OH-
for strong acids e.g. HCl
nearly all the acid dissociates
nearly all H+ ions released
for strong bases e.g. NaOH
nearly all the base dissociates
lots of OH- ions relased
for weak acids e.g. CH3COOH
only a small amount dissociates
only a few H+ ions released
for weak bases e.g. NH3
only a small amount dissociates
only a few OH- ions released
acids react to form
neutral salts
in a neutralisation reaction between acids and alkalis what is produced
salt and water
in a neutralisation reaction what combines to form water
hydrogen ions released by acid
hydroxide ions released by base
in a neutralisation reaction what combines to form salt
hydrogen ions from acid replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions (NH4+) from alkali
e.g. HCl + KOH -> KCl + H2O
what kind of salts does sulfuric acid produce
sulfates
what kind of salts does hydrochloric acid produce
chlorides
what kind of salt does nitric acid produce
nitrates
metal + acid
e.g. Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq)
Metal salt + hydrogen
MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)
metal oxide + acid
e.g. ZnO(s) + 2HCl
Salt + Water
ZnCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
metal hydroxide + acid
KOH(aq) + HCl(aq)
salt + water
KCl(aq) + H2O(l)
metal carbonate + acid
Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)
metal salt + carbon dioxide + water
2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Ammonia + acid
NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq)
ammonium salt
NH4NO3(aq)
