8. acids and bases

Question 1

acids are

Answer 1

proton donors

Question 2

acids produce __ in aqueous solution

Answer 2

H+ ions

Question 3

bases are

Answer 3

proton acceptors (want to grab H+ ions)

Question 4

bases that are soluble in water are known as

Answer 4

alkalis

Question 5

alkalis release __ in solution

Answer 5

OH- ions

Question 6

common acids

Answer 6

HCl hydrochloric acid
H2SO4 sulfuric aid
HNO3 nitric acid
CH3COOH ethanoic acid

Question 7

common bases

Answer 7

NaOH sodium hydroxide
KOH potassium hydroxide
NH3 ammonia

Question 8

acids equation

Answer 8

HA + H2O H3O+ + A-

Question 9

bases equation

Answer 9

B + H2O BH+ + OH-

Question 10

for strong acids e.g. HCl

Answer 10

nearly all the acid dissociates

nearly all H+ ions released

Question 11

for strong bases e.g. NaOH

Answer 11

nearly all the base dissociates

lots of OH- ions relased

Question 12

for weak acids e.g. CH3COOH

Answer 12

only a small amount dissociates

only a few H+ ions released

Question 13

for weak bases e.g. NH3

Answer 13

only a small amount dissociates

only a few OH- ions released

Question 14

acids react to form

Answer 14

neutral salts

Question 15

in a neutralisation reaction between acids and alkalis what is produced

Answer 15

salt and water

Question 16

in a neutralisation reaction what combines to form water

Answer 16

hydrogen ions released by acid

hydroxide ions released by base

Question 17

in a neutralisation reaction what combines to form salt

Answer 17

hydrogen ions from acid replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions (NH4+) from alkali
e.g. HCl + KOH -> KCl + H2O

Question 18

what kind of salts does sulfuric acid produce

Answer 18

sulfates

Question 19

what kind of salts does hydrochloric acid produce

Answer 19

chlorides

Question 20

what kind of salt does nitric acid produce

Answer 20

nitrates

Question 21

metal + acid

e.g. Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq)

Answer 21

Metal salt + hydrogen

MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)

Question 22

metal oxide + acid

e.g. ZnO(s) + 2HCl

Answer 22

Salt + Water

ZnCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

Question 23

metal hydroxide + acid

KOH(aq) + HCl(aq)

Answer 23

salt + water

KCl(aq) + H2O(l)

Question 24

metal carbonate + acid

Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)

Answer 24

metal salt + carbon dioxide + water

2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Question 25

Ammonia + acid

NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq)

Answer 25

ammonium salt

NH4NO3(aq)