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Minerals Chapter 8 > 8&9 > Flashcards

8&9 Flashcards

1
Q

what elements make up 96% of body weight

A

oxygen carbon hydrogen and nitrogen

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2
Q

remaining element that represents only 4% of body weight

A

minerals

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3
Q

is minerals inorganic or organic

A

inorganic

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4
Q

do minerals contain carbon

A

no

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5
Q

what are the minerals necessary for

A

necessary for body to build tissues regulate body fluids and assist in body functions

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6
Q

where are minerals found

A

in all body tissues

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7
Q

minerals are divided into how many groups? what are they ?

A
  1. major minerals and trace minerals
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8
Q

what are trace minerals

A

minerals needed in smaller amounts smaller than 100mg a day

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9
Q

what are major minerals

A

minerals required in amounts greater than 100mg a day

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10
Q

positively charged ions are called what

A

cations

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11
Q

what are ions

A

eletrically charged particles

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12
Q

what are negatively charged ions called

A

anions

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13
Q

what mineral does the human body contain more of than any other mineral

A

calcium

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14
Q

what % of calcium is found in the skeleton and teeth

A

99%

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15
Q

what % of calcium is found in the blood

A

1%

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16
Q

vitamin d increases what

A

the apsorption of calcium

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17
Q

what two minerals is a component of bones and teeth and gives them strength and hardness

A

calcium and phosphorus

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18
Q

what is the state of being poisonous

A

toxicity

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19
Q

what reduces the amount of calcium absorbed

A

a lack of weight bearing exercise(walking)

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20
Q

what vitamin increases the absorption of iron

A

vitamin c

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21
Q

what is involuntary muscle movement

A

tetany

22
Q

excessive intake if calcium may caise what

A

constipation or may inhibit absorption of iron and zinc

23
Q

within the cell

A

intracellular

24
Q

what kind of fluid is potassium is primarily found in

A

intracellular

25
Q

what is potassium necessary for

A

transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contractions

26
Q

what is hypokalemia

A

low level of potassium in the blood

27
Q

what is hyperkalemia

A

high levels of potassium in the blood

28
Q

what are substances used to increase the amount the urine excreted

A

diuretics

29
Q

what is vital to both hard and soft body tissues and is essential for metabolism ad regulates nerve and muscle function

A

magnesium

30
Q

a condition due to an inborn error of metabolism and causes excessive absorption of iron

A

hemochromatosis

31
Q

condition resulting from inadequate amount of iron in the diet reducing the amount of oxygen carried by the blood to cells

A

iron deficiency anemia

32
Q

to little iodine can cause what

A

goiter

33
Q

what is necessary for the normal functioning of the thyroid gland and determines the rate of metabolism

A

iodine

34
Q

what is essential for growth vwound healing taste acuity glucose tolerance and mobilization of vitamin a

A

zinc

35
Q

what are some symptoms ofnzinc definceny

A

decreased appetite and taste acuity delayed growth dwarfism hypogiandism poor wound healing anemia acne rash and impaired immune response

36
Q

what are the best sources copper is available in

A

organ meats shellfish legumes nuts cocoa and whole grain cereal

37
Q

an inherted condition that results in accumulation of copper in the liver brain kidneys and cornea

A

wilsons disease

38
Q

what mineral is associated with glucose and lipid metabolism

A

chromium

39
Q

how long can you live without water

A

10-14 days

40
Q

water constitutes about how much of a normal abult body weight

A

50-60%

41
Q

extracellular fluid is made up of what kind of fluid

A

intravascular and interstitial

42
Q

what is the liquid part of a solution

A

solvent

43
Q

what eletrolytes are the solutes that maintain the balance between intracellular and extracellular fluids

A

sodium chloride and potassium

44
Q

what is is called when tbe hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to excrete adh whenever electrolytes become too concentrated in the blood or whenever blood volume is too low

A

vascular osmotic pressure

45
Q

what is the average adult water requirements

A

1ml for every calorie in food consumed

46
Q

a loss of 10% of body water can cause what

A

upset kidney function decreased blood volume and nutrient absorption

47
Q

a 20% loss of body water can cause what

A

circulatory failure and death

48
Q

what are signs of dehydration

A

decreased urine weight loss sunken eyes oral mucous membranes dry changes in neurological status

49
Q

excessive accumulation of fluid in body

A

positive water balance

50
Q

blood plasma levels run from what to what

A

7.35-7.45

51
Q

what occurs when the body has suffered a loss of hydrochloric acid from severe vomiting

A

alkalosis

52
Q

what system is used to regulate acid base balance in the body

A

buffer system

Minerals Chapter 8 (2 decks)

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