8&9 Flashcards
what elements make up 96% of body weight
oxygen carbon hydrogen and nitrogen
remaining element that represents only 4% of body weight
minerals
is minerals inorganic or organic
inorganic
do minerals contain carbon
no
what are the minerals necessary for
necessary for body to build tissues regulate body fluids and assist in body functions
where are minerals found
in all body tissues
minerals are divided into how many groups? what are they ?
- major minerals and trace minerals
what are trace minerals
minerals needed in smaller amounts smaller than 100mg a day
what are major minerals
minerals required in amounts greater than 100mg a day
positively charged ions are called what
cations
what are ions
eletrically charged particles
what are negatively charged ions called
anions
what mineral does the human body contain more of than any other mineral
calcium
what % of calcium is found in the skeleton and teeth
99%
what % of calcium is found in the blood
1%
vitamin d increases what
the apsorption of calcium
what two minerals is a component of bones and teeth and gives them strength and hardness
calcium and phosphorus
what is the state of being poisonous
toxicity
what reduces the amount of calcium absorbed
a lack of weight bearing exercise(walking)
what vitamin increases the absorption of iron
vitamin c
what is involuntary muscle movement
tetany
excessive intake if calcium may caise what
constipation or may inhibit absorption of iron and zinc
within the cell
intracellular
what kind of fluid is potassium is primarily found in
intracellular
what is potassium necessary for
transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contractions
what is hypokalemia
low level of potassium in the blood
what is hyperkalemia
high levels of potassium in the blood
what are substances used to increase the amount the urine excreted
diuretics
what is vital to both hard and soft body tissues and is essential for metabolism ad regulates nerve and muscle function
magnesium
a condition due to an inborn error of metabolism and causes excessive absorption of iron
hemochromatosis
condition resulting from inadequate amount of iron in the diet reducing the amount of oxygen carried by the blood to cells
iron deficiency anemia
to little iodine can cause what
goiter
what is necessary for the normal functioning of the thyroid gland and determines the rate of metabolism
iodine
what is essential for growth vwound healing taste acuity glucose tolerance and mobilization of vitamin a
zinc
what are some symptoms ofnzinc definceny
decreased appetite and taste acuity delayed growth dwarfism hypogiandism poor wound healing anemia acne rash and impaired immune response
what are the best sources copper is available in
organ meats shellfish legumes nuts cocoa and whole grain cereal
an inherted condition that results in accumulation of copper in the liver brain kidneys and cornea
wilsons disease
what mineral is associated with glucose and lipid metabolism
chromium
how long can you live without water
10-14 days
water constitutes about how much of a normal abult body weight
50-60%
extracellular fluid is made up of what kind of fluid
intravascular and interstitial
what is the liquid part of a solution
solvent
what eletrolytes are the solutes that maintain the balance between intracellular and extracellular fluids
sodium chloride and potassium
what is is called when tbe hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to excrete adh whenever electrolytes become too concentrated in the blood or whenever blood volume is too low
vascular osmotic pressure
what is the average adult water requirements
1ml for every calorie in food consumed
a loss of 10% of body water can cause what
upset kidney function decreased blood volume and nutrient absorption
a 20% loss of body water can cause what
circulatory failure and death
what are signs of dehydration
decreased urine weight loss sunken eyes oral mucous membranes dry changes in neurological status
excessive accumulation of fluid in body
positive water balance
blood plasma levels run from what to what
7.35-7.45
what occurs when the body has suffered a loss of hydrochloric acid from severe vomiting
alkalosis
what system is used to regulate acid base balance in the body
buffer system
