8/30 A Brief History of Clinical Psychology

Question 1

roots of therapy

Answer 1

moral treatment, compassionate care and supportive environment for the severely ill

Question 2

late 1800’s

Answer 2

• APA was formed, which promoted the foundations of psychology
• Lightner, Witmer was deemed the ‘father of clinical psychology and opened his first clinic at UPenn (mostly for kids)
• but there was no solution for the mind

Question 3

early 1900’s (Freud)

Answer 3

Freud in the US
- he gave a lecture about psychoanalysis at Clark University (an alternative to the medical model) – talk therapy

Question 4

1930’s (emergence of psychoanalysis)

Answer 4

psychoanalytic training institutes and clinics began to open (but only to the psychiatrists at first)

Question 5

behavior therapy

Answer 5

• decreased the dominance of psychoanalysis
• humanistic approach: client-centered therapy, especially post WW2

Question 6

how did the expansions of behavioral therapy impact doctors

Answer 6

turf war w psychiatry bc previously dominated psychotherapy

Question 7

WW2 transformed the field

Answer 7

• academic and applied sides came together
• psychiatric dosabilites from the war increased the value of psychology
• this led to money for VA and NIH to claim psychological clinicians
• APA developed training standards and clinical internship programs
• DSM was published by APA

Question 8

1960’s

Answer 8

• therapies became more widely available
• research to show therapy “works”
• movement to move patients from hospitals into outpatient treatment

Question 9

1970’s

Answer 9

• more psychologists in practice setting and private practice
• emergencey of health psychology
• more evidence-based treatment which led to more academic vs. practitioner divide

Question 10

late 1970’s

Answer 10

• 1st meta analysis documenting the benefits of psychotherapy

Question 11

1980’s

Answer 11

• DBT (Dialectical behavior therapy) was introduced by Marsha Linehan
• more money for mental health services and attention to cultural competence for psychologists

Question 12

1990’s

Answer 12

• APA lists valid treatments
• managed mental health care more and viewed as having a negative impact
• more focus on how to make people thrive

Question 13

2000’s and beyond

Answer 13

• fewer psychiatrists practicing psychotherapy
• therapy becomes more integrated with an interdisciplinary model
• mental illness becomes the leading cause of disability

Question 14

clinical psychology today

Answer 14

• more demand for therapists post covid