8-30

Question 1

what are the Circumventricular organs?

Answer 1

midline ventricular system structures of specialized tissues with absent BBB due to fenestrated capillaries

Question 2

Enumerate Circumventricular organs (from rostral to caudal).

Answer 2

Question 3

What is the normal/ischemic/irreversible death Cerebral blood flow rate?

Answer 3

Question 4

what does Aortic arch classically gives rise to?

Answer 4

the brachiocephalic (innominate)

left common carotid

left subclavian arteries.

Question 5

what does Brachiocephalic artery give rise to?

Answer 5

Right common carotid artery and right subclavian arteries

Question 6

What does right subclavian artery give off?

Answer 6

The vertebral artery

Internal mammary artery

Thyrocervical trunk

Costocervical trunk

Question 7

What does left subclavian artery give off?

Answer 7

vertebral, thyrocervical, and costocervical trunks

Question 8

What is the rate of Vertebral artery dominance?

Answer 8

Vertebral artery dominance:

Left side = 50%;

Right side = 25%;

Nondominance = 25%.

The left vertebral artery arises from the aorta in 5% of cases; 40% of the population has a hypoplastic vertebral artery.

Question 9

what is the percentage of hypoplastic vertebral artery?

Answer 9

40%

Question 10

What is the percentage of left vertebral artery directly arising from the aorta?

Answer 10

5%

Question 11

Where does ECA locate and how many branches comes off of it?

Answer 11

The ECA is anteromedial and smaller than the internal carotid artery (ICA), and has eight major branches (mnemonic: SALFOPS Max)

1- Superior thyroid artery

2-Ascending pharyngeal artery

3-Lingual artery

4- Facial Artery

5- Occipital artery

6- Periauricular artery

7- Superifical temporal artery

8- Internal maxillary artery

Question 12

What are the ECA branches and what does it supply and anastomose with ?

Answer 12

Question 13

what does Superior thyroid artery give vascular supply to and anastomose with?

Answer 13

Larynx and upper thyroid

Thyrocervical trunk (branch of the subclavian artery) supplies the inferior thyroid and isthmus

Question 14

what does Ascending pharyngeal artery give vascular supply to and anastomose with?

Answer 14

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and middle ear

CNs IX, X, and XI

Meninges

Anastomoses with the vertebral artery branches

Question 15

what does the Lingual artery give vascular supply to and anastomose with?

Answer 15

Tongue and the floor of the mouth

Question 16

What does the Facial artery give vascular supply to and anastomose with?

Answer 16

Face, palate, and lips

Angular branch of the facial artery anastomoses with the orbital branch of the ophthalmic artery

Question 17

What does the Occipital artery give vascular supply to and anastomose with?

Answer 17

Posterior scalp, upper cervical musculature

Posterior fossa and meninges

Anastomoses with the vertebral artery

Question 18

What does the Posterior auricular artery give vascular supply to and anastomose with?

Answer 18

Pinna, external auditory canal, and scalp

Question 19

What does the Superficial temporal artery give vascular supply to and anastomose with?

Answer 19

Scalp and ear

Question 20

what does Internal maxillary artery give supply with and anastomose with?

Answer 20

Deep face

Gives off the middle meningeal artery (MMA) and accessory meningeal arteries

Anastomoses with inferior lateral cavernous sinus trunk and ophthalmic artery through ethmoidal branches