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last sem!! > 8//3 2//nd e//xam > Flashcards

8//3 2//nd e//xam Flashcards

1
Q

an element in a mechatronic or measurement system that detects the
magnitude of a physical parameter and changes it into a signal that can be
processed by the system.

A

sensor

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2
Q

a device that converts physical quantity into an electrical signal element that converts a change in some physical variable into a related

A

sensors

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3
Q

active element of a sensor

A

transducer

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4
Q

element that converts a change in some physical variable into a related
change in some other physical variable

A

transducer

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5
Q

Monitoring and control systems require sensors to measure physical
quantities such as (7) examples

A

position, distance, force, strain, temperature, vibration,
and acceleration.

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6
Q

used to open or close
connections within circuits

A

switch

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7
Q

switches responds to ____forces
applied to it

A

mechanical

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8
Q
  • the parts of a switch that
    opens and closes circuit
A

contacts

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9
Q

work as a pair, or a set, with
one moveable contact and
one stationary contact

A

contacts

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10
Q

the moveable contact in a switch

A

pole

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11
Q

the stationary contact in a
switch

A

throw

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12
Q

draw the switch with its parts

A

lam mo na yan

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13
Q

one moveable contact

A

single pole switch

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14
Q

–two moveable
contacts operating together

A

double pole switch

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15
Q

– one position in
which each pole closes a set of
contacts or completes a circuit

A

single-throw switch

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16
Q

–two positions in
which each pole makes contact and
completes a circuit

A

double throw switch

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17
Q

drawing of the ff:
single pole to triple pole, single throw to double throw (6)

A

kunin mo papel mo bitch

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18
Q

usually either single break or double break

A

break

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19
Q

drawing of single break

A

drawing mo yan

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20
Q

drawing of double break

A

drawing mo yan

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21
Q

5 common examples of switch

A

toggle switch
knife switch
mercury switch
snap-action switch
reed switch

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22
Q

used in lighting
controls

A

toggle switch

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23
Q

consists of hinged
metal blades and metal clips into
which the blades fit

A

knife switch

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24
Q

closed by liquid
mercury completing a circuit
between a set of fixed contacts

A

mercury switch

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25
Q

used for
limit switches

A

snap-action switch

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26
Q

closes when a
magnetic field is near

A

reed switch

27
Q

Sensors that provide information in the form of electrical resistivity of
a material (Flammini and Depari, 2017)

A

resistive sensors

28
Q

Electrical Resistance formula (2)

A

R=pL/A
R= Ri(1+(alphadeltaT))

29
Q

5 Common Examples of Resistive Sensors

A

potentiometer
strain gauge
thermistor
light-dependent resistor
resistive gas sensor

30
Q

–used for position sensing
* Rotary and linear

A

potentiometer

31
Q

used for measuring force

A

strain gauge

32
Q

– used for measuring
temperature

A

thermistor

33
Q

– used for light detection

A

light dependent resistor

34
Q

– used for detecting presence/concentration

A

resistive gas sensor

35
Q
A
35
Q
  • detect a change in capacitance when something or someone approaches or touches the sensor
A

capacitive sensors

36
Q
  • Changes in capacitance cause changes in the ______ properties of a circuit that can be detected
A

electrical

37
Q

Capacitance Formula

A

C=Ea/d

38
Q

8 Common Applications of Capacitive Sensors

A
  • Flow sensing
  • Pressure sensing
  • Liquid level detection
  • Spacing detection
  • Thickness measurement
  • Limit switch
  • Accelerometers
  • Humidity detection
39
Q

convert light rays into electronic signals

A

optical sensors

40
Q

2 points of optical sensors

A

transmitting point
receivng end

41
Q

Two points:
1. _______ – emits light
2. _______– receives light emitted by the transmitting point

A

Transmitting point
Receiving end

42
Q

Light can travel through or be reflected by the object being measured
and the ___of light received by the receiving end is assessed.

A

quality

43
Q

Common Parameters Measured examples

A
  • Temperature
  • Pressure
  • Flow
  • Liquid level
    *Displacement
  • Vibration
  • Rotation
  • Magnetic fields
  • Acceleration
  • Force
  • Radiation
  • pH
    *Humidity
  • Strain
  • Velocity
  • Electric fields
  • Acoustic fields
44
Q
  • Sensors that produce current or
    voltage difference when exposed
    to temperature changes
A

Thermoelectric Sensors

45
Q

formula for thermoelectric sensors (V=)

A

V=alpha*(T1-T2)

46
Q

Thermoelectric Sensors takes advantages of

A

Seebeck effect

47
Q

When two wires are joined and connected at both ends, a _____ is generated as a response to a difference in temperature across the two points.

A

potential difference

48
Q

Another formula for V in thermoelectric sensor

A

V=(Sm1-Sm2)Th

49
Q

Measures temperature
difference between two points

A

thermocouple

50
Q

a reference temperature at one
junction must be determined to
know the temperature being
measured

A

thermocouple

51
Q

Thermocouple Use ____, or ____ temperature detector as basis

A

thermistor
resistance

52
Q

For rugged applications

A

Thermocouple

53
Q

Thermocouple formula for Vopen-circuit

A

Vopen-circuit= (Sm1-Sm2)Th - (Sm1-Sm2)Tc

54
Q

have made a tremendous contribution towards mechanizing and
automating many agricultural and food processing operations

A

Control Systems

55
Q

In control systems,
* better ___ and __ are obtained
* can safely and accurately control ___
* well-suited to work with ____systems

A

accuracy and reliability
equipment
computer-controlled

56
Q

the controlling device operates
independently of the process
variable it controls

A

Open-loop Control System

57
Q

2 Classification of Control Systems

A

Open-loop Control System
Close-loop Control System

58
Q

the main characteristic of this
type of system is that an
operator is required to oversee
the operation

A

Open-loop Control System

59
Q

An operator must be available
at the appropriate times to start
and stop the system

A

Open-loop Control System

60
Q

flowchart of Open-loop Control System

A

input –> controller –> process –> output

61
Q

the switching function is done
automatically by devices
sensing the process
variable(s)

A

Close-loop Control System

62
Q

uses sensors and feedback
to automatically control
devices

A

Close-loop Control System

63
Q

drawing of Close-loop Control System

A

input –> controller –> process –> output
but with feedback loop attached to switch between input and controller . then putput

last sem!! (2 decks)

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