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Science 8-3 > 8-3-1 Earthquakes > Flashcards

8-3-1 Earthquakes Flashcards

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0
Q

What causes an earthquake?

A

Volcanic or magmatic activity and other stress changes in the earth.

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1
Q

What does an earthquake describe?

A

Sudden slip on a fault and resulting ground shaking and radiated seismic energy.

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2
Q

What causes stress?

A

Tectonic plate movement.

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3
Q

What does stress cause?

A

It causes the deformation of rocks.

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6
Q

What are the tectonic plate movements?

A

Plastic, elastic and elastic rebound.

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7
Q

What tectonic plate movement does NOT cause earthquakes?

A

Plastic

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8
Q

What tectonic movement stretches the rock then reaches a breaking point, releasing energy?

A

Elastic

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9
Q

What is the tectonic plate movement wherein deformed rock goes back to its original shape?

A

Elastic rebound

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10
Q

What are the three types of faults?

A

Normal, Thrust and Strike-slip.

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13
Q

What are the three kinds of waves?

A

Primary wave, Secondary wave, Surface wave.

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14
Q

What is the first wave to arrive at an earthquake?

A

Primary wave

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15
Q

What is the last wave to arrive at an earthquake?

A

Surface wave

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16
Q

Which wave compresses and expands?

A

Primary wave

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17
Q

What wave travels through the earth’s surface only?

A

Surface wave

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18
Q

What wave travels through the crust and upper mantle only?

A

Secondary waves

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19
Q

What wave can travel at any medium?

A

Primary wave

20
Q

What wave is the most destructive and is the slowest?

A

Surface waves

22
Q

What wave can be up and down, around and back and forth?

A

Surface waves

23
Q

How can scientists calculate how far a location is from the epicenter?

A

Difference in arrival times between S and P waves

24
Q

What wave moves the ground up and down or side to side?

A

Secondary wave

25
Q

What are the parts of an earthquake?

A

Focus, Epicenter and fault.

26
Q

What is the focus?

A

Point inside the earth where an earthquake begins.

27
Q

What is the epicenter?

A

Point of earth’s surface above the focus.

28
Q

What stress is the cause of the thrust fault?

A

Compressional stress

Science 8-3 (2 decks)

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