8/26 Class 2 Flashcards
What is glycolysis?
When glucose is being consumed to create a couple of ATP molecules
If sugars aren’t acting sticky, then they’re acting-
to repel proteins that are floating around in the area that also have a net negative charge
Glyco- means
sugar
Cholesterol is soluble in
lipids
Where does cholesterol like to hang out?
In the cell wall where the lipid tails are also oily
What does a flagella do?
It moves a cell around
What does cilia do?
It moves the fluid or the environment that’s around cells.
*think moves mucous in respiratory tract
Who do we inherit our mitochondrial DNA from?
Our mothers
How many different sets of mitochondrial DNA do we have?
12-20
Besides traditional DNA, what can be used for lineage or criminal testing?
Mitochondrial DNA
What is the ICF made of?
The “water” that is inside of a cell
What does it mean to be hydrophillic?
water loving, (Typically charged)
List the “solubles”
ions- electrolytes
proteins (some, or perhaps just a part)
carbohydrates
gasses (o2)
buffers
drugs (some)
List the “insolubles”
cholesterol
steroid hormones
lipids
drugs (some)
Gasses (nitrous)
How do you get an insoluble drug into the cardiovascular system?
By using a carrier (like lipids carrying propofol)
What is the total body water (TBW) in a healthy, 70kg adult male that is NOT obese?
60% of the body mass
70kg X 0.60 = 42kg of water
What are the different compartments of the Total Body Water?
Plasma
interstitial fluid
intracellular fluid
what is the plasma compartment of the TBW made of?
All the fluid in the cardiovascular system that doesn’t include the volume of any blood cells.
How much of the TBW is is ICF?
2/3
How much of the TBW is the ECF?
1/3
How much does 1 liter of water weight in an ideal patient?
1 kilogram
How much of our extracellular fluid is in the cardiovascular system as plasma?
1/4 - 1/5
How would you solve for the predicted plasma volume in a non-obese person who weighs 100kg?
TBW=60% of 100kg=60L
ICF=2/3 of TBW 60= 40L
ECF=1/3 of TBW 60= 20L
Plasma is 1/5-1/4 of ECF 20= 4-5L
How much of the ECF is found in the ISF?
3/4-4/5
Which barrier is more permeable, the capillary membrane or the cell membrane?
The capillary membrane
What is the exception to capillary membranes being fairly permeable?
Capillaries in the brain
Does the capillary membrane in the cardiovascular system block electrolytes?
Not really. Electrolytes are allowed to move across the barrier pretty freely.
What would be the consequences of having a condition that destroys the barrier between the plasma and the interstitial fluid?
We would lose all sorts of volume from the cardiovascular system, making it very difficult to manage blood pressure.
What is a “steady state”?
When the concentrations of the ICF and ECF are at their normal. (not equal, but at homeostasis)
How is “steady state” different from equilibrium?
steady state refers to when the body is in homeostasis. Equilibrium refers to when two compartments are balanced equally.
(our temperature can be in a steady state at 37c but would not be in equilibrium with the room temperature of 20c)
Why are electrolytes concentrations pretty similar between the plasma and the interstitial fluid?
Because the capillary membrane is fairly permeable so electrolytes are being passed back and forth.
What is the main difference on the chart of osmolar substances between the cardiovascular system and the interstitial space?
The proteins. Proteins are too big to pass through the fairly porous wall of the capillaries and therefore stay inside of the plasma.
What is the normal number for blood sodium concentration?
140-142mOsm/L
What is the normal concentration of ICF sodium?
10% of the ECF concentration. ~14