8/26 - Anatomy Flashcards
Mutations in k14
EB simplex
Mutations in cornified envelope
Fish scale disease
Mutations to basement membrane
Bullous phemigoid; blisters
Uncontrolled melanocyte proliferation
Melanoma
Atopic dermatitis
Caused by increase in staphylococcus
Elastin mutations
Cutis laxa
Mutations to EDAR
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Progression of allergies
Atopic march
Celiac’s/IBS
Tight junction abnormalities
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Autoimmunity against desmogleins, keratinocytes separate and allow fluid to fill epidermis. Blisters form, appear as which space underneath cornified envelope
Psoriasis
Overactive immune system, inflammation occurs and keratinocytes proliferate + don’t differentiate correctly. Causes scaley red plaques (plaque psoriasis) or small red patches of skin (guttate psoriasis). In histology, look for thick epidermis
Tight junctions
Join neighboring cell membranes, most apical out of the junctions. Made of claudin/occludin
Adherens junctions
Made of cadherin proteins, directly attach to actin filaments within each cell
Gap junctions
Join cytoplasm of two cells together, made of connexin, allow for syncronicity between cells
microvilli
short, increase surface area of cell for absorption or secretion
cilia
long, helps with movement of mucus/ovum
stereocilia
Long, helps with senses (ear) and movement (sperm tract)
goblet cells
large, near pseudostratified epithelium
transitional epithelial cells
found near bladder, can change shape to help organ contract/expand
endometrial squamous metaplasia
When cells turn from columnar to squamous
Barrett’s esophagus metaplasia
When cells turn from squamous to columnar (intestinalization)
mesothelium
simple squamous cells that line body cavities
cornified envelope rigidity
keratin and flaggrin
layers of dermis
papillary layer (temp, blood) and reticular layer (structure)
arteriovenous anastomosis
thermoregulation
role of vasculature in papillary dermis
provide blood and venous drainage
sebacous gland
fill with lipids, right next to hair follicle, cells with die and expel lipids up to skin to moisterize; acne caused by lipid blockage + buildup
appocrine gland
“smelly”, produces lipids and fat on thin hairy skin, ducts/glands will be larger
eccrine gland
produces sweat on most skin, thermoregulation
how glands expel lipids/sweat
myoepithelial cells contract
Meissner corpuscle
Looks like asymmetric cells stacked up, responsible for touch (light), smaller area and more specific
Paccinian corpuscle
Looks like irregular circles, responds to pressure
