8/19- Course Review 2 Flashcards
The layer of coronary artery most involved by the process of atherosclerosis is:
A. Endothelium
B. intima
C. Internal elastic lamina
D. Media
E. Adventitia
The layer of coronary artery most involved by the process of atherosclerosis is:
A. Endothelium
B. intima
C. Internal elastic lamina
D. Media
E. Adventitia
- Endothelium = top part of intima; want answer for the whole layer! Mid layer of intima is involved by later parts of the atherosclerotic process
The key pathologic process in atherosclerosis is:
A. Monkeburg’s medial calcific sclerosis
B. Cholesterol emobli in the bloodstream
C. Intimal thickening and lipid accumulation
D. Granulomatous inflammation
E. Fibrinoid necrosis of vessel wall
The key pathologic process in atherosclerosis is:
A. Monkeburg’s medial calcific sclerosis
B. Cholesterol emobli in the bloodstream
C. Intimal thickening and lipid accumulation
D. Granulomatous inflammation
E. Fibrinoid necrosis of vessel wall
Atherosclerotic plaques consist of the following basic components:
A. Peripheral blood elements and fibrin
B. Granulomata and lipid deposition
C. Amyloid deposits, muscle cells, and fibrinoid necrosis
D. Dysplastic endothelial cells and lipid deposits
E. Smooth muscle cells, inflammatory cells, ECM, and lipid
Atherosclerotic plaques consist of the following basic components:
A. Peripheral blood elements and fibrin
B. Granulomata and lipid deposition
C. Amyloid deposits, muscle cells, and fibrinoid necrosis
D. Dysplastic endothelial cells and lipid deposits
E. Smooth muscle cells, inflammatory cells, ECM, and lipid
Typical series of events in atherosclerosis?
- Injury to endothelium
- Smooth muscle migration into intima
- Proliferation of smooth muscle in intima
- Elaboration of ECM in intima
- Lipid accumulartion in intima
- Necrosis
- Calcification
Which is the typical sequence of events in an acute myocardial infarction?
NOT just worsening atherosclerosis with progressive stenosis…that would not be acute MI
- Plaque rupture
- Exposure of subendothelium
- Platelet adhesion and aggregation
- Vasospasm
- Thrombosis
- Occlusion of artery
- Loss of oxygen delivery to myocardium
- Coagulative necrosis of myocytes
Typical microscopic changes seen 24-72 hrs after an MI are:
A. Edema and hemorrhage
B. Coagulative necrosis; loss of nuclei and striations; heavy neutrophilic infiltrate
C. Dark eosinophilic myofibers with stretching and waviness
D. Fibrovascular granulation tissue
E. Extensive phagocytosis of dead cells with collagen deposition
Typical microscopic changes seen 24-72 hrs after an MI are:
A. Edema and hemorrhage
B. Coagulative necrosis; loss of nuclei and striations; heavy neutrophilic infiltrate
C. Dark eosinophilic myofibers with stretching and waviness
D. Fibrovascular granulation tissue
E. Extensive phagocytosis of dead cells with collagen deposition
Typical microscopic changes seen 4-24 hrs after an MI are:
A. Dark eosinophilic myofibers with stretching and waviness
B. Fibrovascular granulation tissue
C. Coagulation necrosis with loss o…
Typical microscopic changes seen 4-24 hrs after an MI are:
A. Dark eosinophilic myofibers with stretching and waviness
B. Fibrovascular granulation tissue
C. Coagulation necrosis with loss o…
Dilated cardiomyopathy is diagnosed pathologically by:
A. Four chamber hypertrophy and dilatation
B. Absence of primary valvular disease
C. Cardiomegaly
D. Thin, flabby walls
E. All of the above
Dilated cardiomyopathy is diagnosed pathologically by:
A. Four chamber hypertrophy and dilatation
B. Absence of primary valvular disease
C. Cardiomegaly
D. Thin, flabby walls
E. All of the above
The best histologic description of idiopathic dilated CM is:
A. Nonspecific attenuation and hypertrophy of myocytes
B. Myocardial necrosis
C. Extensive mycoyte hypertrophy with mycocyte disarray
D. Intense neutrophilic infiltrate between myocytes
E. Intense lymphocytic infiltrate between myocytes
The best histologic description of idiopathic dilated CM is:
A. Nonspecific attenuation and hypertrophy of myocytes
B. Myocardial necrosis
C. Extensive mycoyte hypertrophy with mycocyte disarray
D. Intense neutrophilic infiltrate between myocytes
E. Intense lymphocytic infiltrate between myocytes
The best histologic description of hypertophic CM is:
A. An orderly arragnement of hypertrophic myocytes
B. Nonspecifi attenuation and hypertrophy of myocytes
C. Extensive mycoyte hypertrophy with mycocyte disarray
D. …
The best histologic description of hypertophic CM is:
A. An orderly arragnement of hypertrophic myocytes
B. Nonspecifi attenuation and hypertrophy of myocytes
C. Extensive mycoyte hypertrophy with mycocyte disarray
D. …
On exam of a heart at autopsy, you find large, irregular masses of the mitral valve leaflets that extend onto the valve cords. You tell the clinician that the most likely etiology of these vegetations is:
A. Infective endocarditis
B. Nonbacterial thrombotic (marantic) endocarditis
C. Acute rheumatic heart disease
D. Endocarditis of SLE (Libman-Sacks Disease)
E. Carcinoid heart disease
On exam of a heart at autopsy, you find large, irregular masses of the mitral valve leaflets that extend onto the valve cords. You tell the clinician that the most likely etiology of these vegetations is:
A. Infective endocarditis
B. Nonbacterial thrombotic (marantic) endocarditis
C. Acute rheumatic heart disease
D. Endocarditis of SLE (Libman-Sacks Disease)
E. Carcinoid heart disease
On exam of a heart at autopsy, you find small vegetations on both sides of the mitral valve leaflets with no extension on the valve cords. Your immediate suspicion is?
LSE
Which of the following statements is true
A. Aschoff bodies are characteristic of chronic rheumatic heat disease
B. The aortic valve is the most commonly affected valve in rheumatic heart disease
C. Fusion of the cusp commissure is characteristic of calcific (senile) aortic stenosis
D Fusion of the cusp commissure sis characteristic of rheumatic heart disase
Which of the following statements is true
A. Aschoff bodies are characteristic of chronic rheumatic heat disease
B. The aortic valve is the most commonly affected valve in rheumatic heart disease
C. Fusion of the cusp commissure is characteristic of calcific (senile) aortic stenosis
D. Fusion of the cusp commissures is characteristic of rheumatic heart disase
- Aschoff bodies are characteristics of acute rheumatic heart disease (?)
- Mitral valve is the most commonly affect in rheumatic heart disease
Causes of left-sided heart failure include all of the following, except?
A. Ischemic heart disease
B. Calcific (senile) aortic valve stenosis
C. Intrinsic disease of the lungs or pulmonary vasculature
D. Hypertension
E. All of these cause left-sided heart failure
Causes of left-sided heart failure include all of the following, except?
A. Ischemic heart disease
B. Calcific (senile) aortic valve stenosis
C. Intrinsic disease of the lungs or pulmonary vasculature
D. Hypertension
E. All of these cause left-sided heart failure
Features of right-sided heart failure include of the following except:
A. Chronic passive congestion of the liver
B. Congestion of the kidneys with pronounced azotemia
C. Hypoxic encephalopathy
D. Severe pulmonary congestion and edema
E. Pitting edema of the extremities
Features of right-sided heart failure include of the following except:
A. Chronic passive congestion of the liver
B. Congestion of the kidneys with pronounced azotemia
C. Hypoxic encephalopathy
D. Severe pulmonary congestion and edema
E. Pitting edema of the extremities
- left sided heart failure
- In right sided failure, blood pools systemically (extremities, brain…)
- In left sided failure, blood pools in the lungs -> edema
