8,12,13,14,15 Flashcards
3 basic measures of memory retention
Recall, recognition, and relearning
As compared with long-term memory, Short-term memory is…
…Less permanent and more limited in storage capacity.
One-reason adults typically recall little of their first three years of life is that during infancy they were unable to verbally label their experiences. This best illustrates that the formation of long-term memories often requires:
Semantic processing.
In one study, children were periodically asked whether they remembered going to the hospital with a mousetrap on their finger. This experiment best illustrated the dynamics of:
Memory construction.
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called…
Long-term memory
The letters Y, M, O, M, R, E are presented. Jill remembers them by rearranging them to spell the word memory. This provides an illustration of:
Chunking
When asked misleading questions after observing an accident, eyewitnesses often reconstruct their initial memories of the event. This best illustrates:
The misinformation effect
The organization of individual items into larger familiar units is called:
Chunking
Source amnesia helps to explain…
Déjà vu
Cortex areas surrounding the hippocampus and supporting the processing and storing of explicit memories are located in the:
Temporal lobe
The encoding of many aspects of a remembered event simultaneously best illustrates our brain’s capacity for:
Parallel processing
Implicit memory is to explicit memory as ________ is to ________.
Automatic processing; effort processing.
Which measure of memory retention assesses the ability to draw information out of storage and into conscious awareness?
Recall
Damage to the ________ is most likely to interfere with explicit memories of newly learned visual designs
Right hippocampus
Damage to the ________ is most likely to interfere with explicit memories of newly learned verbal information.
Left hippocampus
Social loafing has been found to be especially noticeable among
men in cultures that value individualism.
Creating groups based on the outcome of a coin toss leads people to favor their own new group when dividing any rewards. This best illustrates
In-group bias
Following the 9/11 terrorist attack on New York, people across the country donated their time and money to assist the devastated community. This behavior best illustrates
Altruism
Studies of implicit prejudice indicate that prejudice is often
Unconscious
By inventing the custom of using leaves to clean their bodies and passing it on to their peers and offspring, chimpanzees have exhibited a rudiment of
Culture
Our attitudes about another person are most likely to influence the way we treat that person if our attitudes are
Stable
Self-efficacy refers to our experience of our own
Competence
Repression refers to the defense mechanism by which people
Banish anxiety-arousing thoughts from consciousness.
According to Freud, defense mechanisms are used by the
Ego to prevent threatening impulses from being consciously recognized.
According to Freud, the component of personality that seeks to reconcile the demands of the id, superego, and reality is the
Ego
Neo-Freudians placed greater emphasis than did Freud on the role of …
The conscious mind in personality development
Although Eduardo has repressed his own homosexual desires, he is distressed by a false suspicion that many men frequently stare lustfully at his body. According to psychoanalytic theory, Eduardo’s thinking best illustrates
Projection
Roberta has a secure sense of her own identity and is strongly motivated to develop her unique talents and interests so as to achieve her full potential. According to Abraham Maslow, Roberta exemplifies
A self-actualizing person
George often acts on impulse, without taking time to consider the consequences. A psychoanalyst would suggest that George shows signs of a
A weak ego
Persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
Memory
Functions of Memory
- Retain useful skills, knowledge, and expertise.
- To recognize familiar people and places.
- To build our capacity to use language.
- To enjoy, share, and sustain culture.
- To build a sense of self that endures: what do I believe, value, remember, and understand?
