7th Science Fall Midterm 2018-19 Flashcards
characteristics of living things
energy use cellular organization reproduction growth and development chemicals of life response to environment
needs of all living things
water
food
homeostasis
living space
what type of cells have specialized cells?
multicellular cells
how did redi and pasteur disprove the idea of spontaneous generation?
redi:
showed that meat in a covered jar was not affected, while meat in an open jar was
pasteur:
showed that broth in an unbroken flask was not affected unlike the broken neck flask
what two levels make up the scientific name of an organism? which is listed first?
binomial nomenclature
the order is genus, species
what is the highest and broadest group of the levels of organization?
domain
what are the three levels that scientist group organisms into?
bacteria, eukaryote, archaea
what is the main difference of bacteria and archaea?
they have a different chemical makeup
which domain contains four of the six kingdoms?
eukaryote:
protists, fungi, plants, animals
which group of organisms contains multicellular autotrophs?
eukaryote:
plants
what are the main things an organism needs to maintain homeostasis?
food, water, shelter
what are the 2 parts of a habitat and how are they different?
biotic factors:
living things~ animals, plants
abiotic factors:
nonliving things~ rocks, dirt, oxygen
how do animals and plants affect an ecosystem?
they erode the earth
how is an ecosystem organized?
largest to smallest
ecosystem, community, population, organism
what is the purpose of light and soil in an ecosystem?
light:
lets plants do photosynthesis
soil:
contains water and a habitat for animals that live underground
what are limiting factors in an ecosystem?
weather conditions
space
food
water
what happens to the organisms that have and haven’t adapted to their environment?
adapted:
survive (survival of the fittest or natural selection)
not adapted:
may die or go extinct
what are some niches an organism might have?
what food it eats
how it obtains the food
who else eats it
what they need to reproduce
what are some ways organisms in the same habitat interact
- animals interact with plants- cows eat grass
- animals eat animals- eagles eat mice
- some owls perch on higher branches than others so they can all have space
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what are things organisms might compete for?
food
shelter
water
what happens when the number of predators in a population increases? what eventually happens to them?
the predators will eat all the prey, and then there will b nothing left or them to eat so their population will die off and decrease
one. …
by. …
one. …
symbiosis:
what is mutualism?
both species benefit
symbiosis:
what is commensaism?
one species benefits and the other is either not helped or not harmed
symbiosis:
what is parasitism?
one species is living on or inside the other species
the other species is harmed
what are the levels of organization?
simplest to most complex
cell tissue organ organ system organism
muscle tissue
function:
movement
location:
in heart, lining of organs
nervous tissue
function:
carries electrical signals throughout body
location:
brain, spinal chord
connective tissue
function:
provides support, connects all parts
location:
bone, fat, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood
systems that provide movement
skeletal system, muscular system
systems that transport
respiratory, circulatory, excretory, digestive
systems that control
nervous, endocrine, integumentary
in what ways does the body try to maintain homeostasis?
meeting energy needs water balance regulating body temperature keeping balance fighting disease
relationship between a negative feedback system and homeostasis
negative feedback system:
when a system is shut off by the one that produced it
+when you are hungry, you eat until you are not hungry
how does the body react to stress?
increased heart rate increased breathing rate sweating increased temperature shivering sweating
5 major functions of the skeletal system
shape and support storage protection production movement
what are the two types of skeleton found in the body?
axial- support
appendicular- movement
which bones protect the heart and lungs
rib cage
what are the long bones and what do they reproduce?
femur and humerus
they produce blood cells
cranium
protects brain
pivot joint
movement:
rotation
ex:
neck
gliding joint
movement:
sliding
ex:
wrist, ankles
ball and socket joint
movement:
all directions
ex:
hip, shoulder
hinge joint
movement:
forward/backward
ex:
knee, elbow
what are the 3 main functions of the muscular system?
movement
maintain body temp
maintain posture
3 types of muscle in human body
voluntary:
skeletal muscle
involuntary:
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
how do skeletal muscles work?
always work in pairs
muscle can only contract (shorten)
while one is contracted, other is relaxed (extensor, flexer)
what are the main structures of the nervous system?
brain
spinal chord
nervous tissue (fibers)
sensory organs
what are thee three main functions of the nervous system?
receiving info
responding to info
maintaining homeostasis
structures that make up cell body:
cell body
contains nucleus and dendrites
receive the nerve impulse
structures that make up cell body:
axon
sends nerve impulses away from cell body
one per neuron
structures that make up cell body:
axon tips
receive message from axon
sends to other dendrites
what is the main difference between a dendrite and axon
a dendrite receives info and the axon sends it away
what neuron sends signals from body to brain?
sensory neuron
what neuron send messages fro brain to body?
motor neuron
what is the purpose and where are interneuron found?
they carry messages from a motor to a sensory neuron
they are found between motor and sensory neurons in the brain and spinal chord
how does a nerve impulse travel from neuron to neuron?
it goes from axon tips to the dendrites of another neuron. it has to cross a gap called the synapse but to do so, it has to change into a chemical form called neurotransmitters
what are the two main divisions of the nervous system?:
peripheral:
consists of nerve fibers that branch off central nervous system to rest of body
central:
contains brain and spinal chord
what are the three main regions of the brain?:
cerebellum
cerebrum
brain stem
cerebellum
controls memory and balance
back of brain
cerebrum
largest part- divided into parts
left- mathematical and logical
right- creative and artistic
brain stem
connects brain to spinal chord
what is the main purpose of the spinal chord?
it lets nerve impulses pass through for a reaction
connects brain to peripheral nervous system
how does the reflex arc work?
sensory neurons send messages to spinal chord
interneurons pass message to interneurons
motor neurons cause muscles to react quickly
brain is bypassed
