7th grade history final exam Flashcards
Article of Confederation
Outline the first form of government for the United States
Bill of Rights
Guarateed the rights of citizens in the first ten amndments to the Constitution
Constitution
Replaced the Articles of Confereation as the nw form of government for the United States
Land Ordinance of 1785
Provided for the division and sale of the Northwest Territory
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Outlined the steps for a territory to become a state
Federalist Papers
Attempted to persuade people to support the ratification of the Constitution
Benjamin Franklin
Oldest member of the constitutional convention at age 82
Alexander Hamilton
Delegate from New York who favord a strong cental governement
James Madison
Delegate from Virigia who kep a detailed journal of the constitutional convention
Daniel Shays
War veteran who led a rebellion in Massachusetts
Roger Sherman
Delegate from Conneticut who proposed the Great Compromise
The primary functoin of what branch is to create laws?
legislative
What plan proposed a bicameral legislation based on states population
Virginia
What plan proposed unicameral with each state having one vote?
New Jersey
What are the 3 branches of the federal government?
executive legislative and judicial
What branch’s primary function is to enforce the laws?
Executive
What branh’s primary functoin is to interpret the laws?
Judicial
Which terms means to give federal approval?
Ratification
How many inhabitants were required for a territory to apply to be a state?
60,000
What is the purpose of the Electoral Colldge?
Elect the president
Who is remembered as the Father of the Constituion?
James Madison
Who served as chairman of the constituional convention?
George Washington
What type of government did the constitutional convention create?
Republic
What is a census?
A population count
True or False: Separaration of powes means the government is divided into multiple branches
TRUE
T or F: James Madison propose the great compromise
FALSE
T or F: Congress does not have the power to regulate commerce
FALSE
T or F: checks and balances means each branch of governmetn controls the others
FALSE
Who was the first Secretary of the Treasury?
Alexander Hamilton
Who was the First attorney general?
Edmund Randolph
Who was the second president who appointed many federal judges at the end of his term?
John Adams
Who was the first president?
George Washington
What French citizen tried to gain American Support for France?
Edmond-Charles Genet
Who was the first secretary of War?
Henry Knox
Who was the first chief Justice of the Supreme Court, who negotiated a treaty with Britain?
John Jay
Who was the first secretary of state and third president of the US?
Thomas Jefferson
Who was the vice president under Jeffoerson who tied for the most elecctoral votes in 1800?
Aaron Burr
Who was the chief justice of the Supreme Court appointed by Adams?
John Marshall
What is the formal cermeony beginning a president’s term?
Inaugration
What renbellion was led by West Pennslyvania famrser upsset over an excise tax?
Whiskey Rebellion
What was Hamiltons’ plan for the US
Estbalish a national bank, repay money borrowed during the war and levy tarriffs and excise taxes
What Proclamation did Washington issue to stay out of the French Revolution?
Proclamation of Neutrality
What was impressment?
Forcing captured American sailors to serve on British naval ships
The United states almost went to war with what coutnry because of the XYZ affair?
France
What did Washington caution the nation about in his Farewell Address?
Debt, political alliances with other nations and internal factions
What Act declared that any person who said, wrote or published aything false againt the government could be fined or punished?
Sedition Act
What act extended the time an immigrant had to live in American before he could become a citizen to 14 years?
Naturalization Act
What is nullification?
States’s act of declaring a federal law as void and invalid
T or F: Washington chose to step down from the presidency after serving three terms?
False, it was 2 terms
T or F: One purpose of the alien and sedition acts was to keep the Federalists in power?
TRUE
T or F: The Alien Enemies Act and the Aliens Act allowed the president to imprison any dangerous foreigners?
TRUE
T or F: Replublicans aregued th Seditoin Act was a violation of their first amendment rights?
TRUE
T or F: If the electoral vote is tied in a presidential election, the Supreme Court decides the outcome?
FALSE, it goes to the House of Reprsenatives
T or F: Democartic-Republicans tended to distruct the udicial branch because it members were not elected and could serve for life?
TRUE
Who led two western expeditions who signed a Rocky Mountain peak that now bears his name?
Zebulon Pike
Who was president during the war of 1812?
James Madison
Who was a Shwnee Indian Chief who was defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe?
Tecumseh
Who was leader of the War Hawks, a congressman from Kentucky?
Henry Clay
Who was a Shoshone Indian who served as guide and interpreter?
Sacagawea
Who was author of the Star Spangled Banner?
Francis Scot Key
Who was the 5th president of the United States?
James Monroe
Who was leader of the expedition through the Louisiana Territory?
Meriwether Lewis
Who was a general who won the Battle of New Orleans?
Andrew Jackson
Who was co-leader of the Louisina Expedition
William Clark
What is an embargo?
An end to all exports
What actions were taken by Jerffson and Congress toward Federalist policies?
Repeal the Naturalizatoin act, pardon those convicted under the Sedition Act and replace Federalists who enforced the Sedition act.
who was the Governer of the Indiana Territory who as alarmed by the infuence of Tecumseh and defated him in battle.
William Henry Harrison
Who was given the task of taking control of Lake Erie?
Oliver Hazard Perry
What was the biggest American Victory in the war of 1812 and was fougth after the war ended?
New Orleans
What treaty ended the conflict with Spain over Florida?
Adams-Onis
What was the name of the compromise proposed by Henry Clay to preserve the balance between slave and free states?
Missouri Compromise
What was the Hartford Convention?
A meeting of a group of Federalists to discuss opposition to the War of 182 and possible withdrawal from the United States
T or F: When the Barbary states increased their tribute charges, Jefferson agreed to make thieh higher payments
FALSE
T or F: The USS Constitution earned the nickname Old Ironside
TRUE
T or F: Jefferson ordered the Lewis and Clark expeditioin to study zoology, botnay and geology on Lousian and gather information on Native Americans
TRUE
T or F; Jefferson’s embargo on trade with Britain hurt American Farmers more than it hurt Britain
TRUE
T or F: The British Failed in their attempt to enter Washington DC
FALSE
T or F: The White House and Capitol were set on first by the British
TRUE
T or F: One cause of the panic of 1819 was a drop in prices due to increased production of crops and manufactured goods
TRUE
What South Carolina sentaor debated in favor of nullification?
Robert Y Hayne
What Massachusetts senator debated against nullfication?
Daniel Wbster
Who was Presiden to of the Bank of the US in 1832?
Nicholas Biddle
Who was vice president under Jackson, a defender of states rights?
John C Calhoun
Who was the hand picked successor to Jackson for democratic candidate in 1836?
Martin Van Buren
Who was the Democratic president who supported the spoils system and who opposed the National bank?
Andrew Jackson
What president died one month into his term?
William Henry Harrison
What president took over office when the previous presient died in office and who also annexed Texas?
John Tyler
What president was elected in 1824 and accused of making a corrupt bargain?
John Quincy Adamas
What is a caucus?
A closed meeting of member of a political party in Congress to choose their party leaders
The president in 1824 was elected by what?
Electoral college
What is the spoils system?
A practice in which political leaders reward their supporters by giving them government jobs.
What Indian tribe developed a writen language and constitution and was moved west in the Trail of tears?
Cherokee
What indian leader of the Sauk and Fox tribes lost most of his men in the Battle of Bad Axe?
Black Hawk
What state voted to nulliffy the Tarriff of 1832?
South Carolina
What political party was formed in the 1830s in opposition to Jackson?
Whig Party
“Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” was a campaign slogan in the 1840 presidential election used by who?
William Henry Harrison
What Treaty settled the boundary of Maine and Canada?
Webster Asburton Treaty
What was the significane of the Supreme Court decision in Worcester v Georgia?
It said the states had no control over Native American tribes, that they are independent nation controlled only by the federal governemtn. Andrew Jackson refused to enforce the ruling.
T or F: John Quincy Adams opposed the use of government funds for bulding roads, canals, lighthouses and a national university.
False - he supported the use of money for those purposes
T or F: Andrew Jackson disliked the common man and did not trust popular opinion.
False - he said he was defender of the common man
T or F: Jackson believed the psols system would create loyal and caring government workers and would give more people an opportunity to see how government functioned
TRUE
T or F: Sequoyah develped a written language for the Seminoles
False - he developed it for the Cherokee people
T or F: Many Christian missionaries supported the Cherokees refusal to give up their land in Georgia
TRUE
What road allowed Settlers to travel to the south?
The Great Wagon Road
What road was cut by Daniel Boone?
Wilderness Road
What is a canal?
S shallow man made water highway
What is the Pony express?
A mail delivery system using men on horses
What is a turnpike?
A road that travellers had to pay a fee to use
What was the National Road?
a fderally funded road that began in Maryland
Who was John Deere?
Developed a plow with a steel blade
Who was Cyrus McCormick?
Developed a reaper for cutting and harvesting grain
Who was Samuel F. B. Morse?
Invented the telegraph
Who was Robert Fulton?
Built the first steamship - the Clermont
Who was Isaac Singer?
Developed a sewing machine with a foot pedal
Who as Eli Whitney?
Developed the cotton gin for harvesting cotton, and also the use of interchangeable parts
What led to the end of the Pony Express?
The telegraph
How were the benefits of steamboat travel?
Easier to transport goods, rivers and fronteir settlements grew, trade between east and west was more profitable
How did Britain keep its industrial advantage?
Prohibited export of machinery to America
What impact did the cotton gin have?
made cotton production more profitable, increased demand for slaves, caused cotton production to grow rapidly
What did Horace Mann do?
Tried to improvie schools and public education
Who was Samuel Slater?
He came to American and built factory machiens; the father of the American Industrial Revolutoin
Who was Charles Finney?
A prominent evanglist who reached large crowsds by adapthing his techniquest ot he cities he visited
What issued di the Senca falls Conventior focs on?
Women’s Rights
Whas did workers organize to addres pay & working conditions?
Labor Unions
What country did Matthew Perry open for trade with the United States?
Japan
What did abolitonists want to get rid of?
Slavery
What are locks?
Compartmnents on water ways that can be opend and shut
Construction of what canal in New York began a period of canal building?
Erie Cnaal
T or F: More than two-thirds of the total railrod track mileage in the US was in the south?
FALSE - most was in the North and Midwest
T or F: New inventions in farm machinery led to a rapid increase in farm production
TRUE
T or F: As a result of the Second Great Awakening, many people were truly converted to Christianity.
TRUE
T or F: A major reason for the large number of Irish immigrants to America was a potato famine in Ireland.
TRUE
T or F: Irish Immigrants were often looked down upon because they were primarily Roman Catholic and were willing to take the worst jobs
TRUE
T or F: Most souther families owned slaves
False - only a minority of souther families owned salves
T or F: Christianity in many New England churces was replaced with Unitarianism which denies the doctrine of the Trinity
TRUE
Who was Stephen Austin?
Leader of a 300 family settlement in Texas
Who was Davy Crockett?
well known frontiersman who died at the Alamo
Who Was John C. Fremont?
The “Pathfinder” who took control of California in 1846
Who was Sam Houston?
Commander of Texas roces fighting Mexico and the first president of the Republic of Texas
Who Was Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna?
President of Mexico who discarded the Mexican constitution and made himself dictator
Who was Winfield Scott?
leader of the campaign to take Mexico City; was known as Old Fuss and Feathers
Who was Joseph Smith?
Founder of the Mormon religion
Who was Zachary Taylor?
Hero of the Mexican War; elected president in 1848
Who was William Travis?
Commander of the Texan troops at the Alamo
Who was Marcus Wihtman?
Missionary who worked in Orgegon with his wife
Who was Brigham Young?
Leader of the Mormons to Utah
What happened after Texas was independent?
It declared itself a new nation, the Republic of Texas and applied for admission to the United States.
What was the Oregon Trail?
The first Route west of the Missouri River. It lured fur trappers and traders and became the most improtant trail for those going wet
What was the Mormon Trail?
The trail going to the Gret Salt Lake
What was the Compromise of 1850?
Allowed California into the US as a free state, it introduced a stricter fugitive law, allowed popular control in Utah and New Mexico without any rules for or against slavery
T or F: Even though Mexcio aboshed slavery in Texax, many Americans brought Slaves into Texas
TRUE
T or F: Remember Dave Crockett became a rallying cry of the Texas Forces in their was with Mexico.
FALSE - it was Remember the Alamo
T or F: President Polk campaigned for the boundary of Oregon to be the 54 40 line of latitude
TRUE
T or F: The British and Americans agree to the forty-night parallel as the boundary of Oregon
TRUE
What were the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Rio Grande was the boundary between Texas and Mexico and the US paid Mexico $15 Million, and Mexico gave land to the US including much of what is now the Southwest US
What caused the Mexican War?
The US and Mexico disputed what river separated Texas from Mexico, President Polk orderd troops to going into the disputed area and Mexico saw that as an invasion of Mexio
Who was John Brown?
Abolitionist leader fo the raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia
Who was Jefferson Davis?
President of the Confederate States of America
Who was Stephen Douglas?
Illionis Senator who debated Lincoln and proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Who was Frederick Douglass?
Runaway slave hwo stated an abolitionist newspaper
Who was Abraham Lincoln?
Republican president elected in 1860
Who was Dred Scott?
Former slave whose case went to the Supreme Court
Who was Harrieet Beecher Stowe?
Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Who was Harriet Tubman?
Runaway slave hwo helped other slaves escape on the Underground Railroad
Who joined together to form the Republican party in 1854?
Conscience Whigs, Northern Democrats and the Free Soil Party
What was the south like before the war?
It had few large cities and was primarily agricultural. Most southerners did NOT have slaves
What was the north like before the war?
It had most of the factories; most immigrants settled in the North and west
What did the Dred Scott decision decide?
Dred Scott was not free. Blacks were not citizens; they had no rights; ahd moving to a free state did not make a slave free
What was Lincoln’s view of slavery in the 1860 election?
He believed the Declaration of Independence appliesd to blacks, he opposed slavery in new territories. At that time he did not call for immediate freedom of all slaves
Why did the confederates fire on Fort Sumter?
Lincoln was sending supplies to the fort
What were the slave states called that remained in the Union?
Border states
What were the advantages of the north?
More populatoin, more industry, and adding more immigrant population
What were the advantages of the south?
Only had to fight a defensive war, they would fight intensely, had many good and experienced commanders
How were slaves treated?
No legal rights, marriages not recognized, children of slaves belongd to the master
What is Fort Sumter?
Fort in Charleston Harbor where the first shots of the Civil War were fired
What were the Confederate States?
The Confederate States of America seceded from the Union in February 1861
Overseer
The person the master hired to distribute work amont the slaves and make sure they did th ework
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
A famous book written about the plight of slaves families and runaways
Spirituals
Songs slaves wrote about their condition
What northern newspaper publishers called for end to slavery?
William Lloyd Garrison and Horace Greeley
What was the task system?
Slaves worked on a specific job unitl I twas complete and then used remainder of day working for themselves
What was the Gang system?
Slaves worked in large grops for a set amount of tim eeach day
Who was Charles Sumner?
Massachusetts Senator who verbally attacked pro slavery colleagues and was beaten with a cane in the Senate Chamber
T or F: Many Southerners objected to federal taxes being used to fund internal improvements such as roads and canals as those usually benefited the North
TRUE
T or F: The Undergound Railroad was a trian that ran underground from South Carolina to Ohio
FALSE
T or F: Under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, those convicted of helping a fugivitve slave were subject to a fine and imprisonment.
TRUE
T or F: In his “House Divided” speech, Lincoln xpressed that he did not believe the Union could last as half slave and ahfl free, it must become all one or the other.
TRUE
T or F: President Buchanan did not believe the government had the right to prevent states from seceding.
TRUE
T or F: Lincoln believed that states had the right to secede if they disagreed with federal laws.
FALSE
T or F: Lincoln pledged to fight to maintain control of the federal forts located in states that had seceded.
TRUE
T or F: Alexander Stephens was elected presdient of the confederacy.
FALSE - Jefferson Davis was president of the confederate states
T or F: Lincoln was worred that if Kentucky seceded, Washington DC would be in trouble.
FALSE
What is Amnesty?
a general pardon for a large group of people
What did the 13th Amendment do?
Abolished slavery
What did the 14th Amendment do?
Granted equal citizenship to blacks; guarantted equal protection
What did the 15th Amendment do?
Said states could not deny the right to vote based on race
Who are freed men?
Former slaves
Why was the Grant presidency often viewed negatively?
Because many scandals took place when he was president
What happened at the end of Reconstruction?
Amesty Act pardoned most former Confederate leaders, Northerners became more concerned on economy and less concernd about African americans, federal troops left the south and there was little protectoin left.
What was sharecropping?
People who farmed small plots of land for the land owner, paid the owner a portion of crops they grew, usually made no money and resulted in poverty for the sharecropper
Who are redeemers?
Southerners who wanted to take back contorl of their states from Republicans
What was Reconstruction?
Period after civil war until 1877 when federal government tried to rebuild and reform the south
Black Codes
Very restrictive law in the south that African Americans in an inferior psotion
Freedmens’ Bureau
An agency established to assist former slaves
Carpetbaggers
Name given from thenose from the North who moved to the South during reconstruction
Mil Towns
Towns built by factory owners for their workers
Scalawag
Name given to white southerner who suppored Reconstruction
Ku Klux Klan
A secret organiation formed by former Confederate soliders determined to keep blacks under white control
Impeachment
House of Representatives power to bring charges against the Presidents
T or F: President Johnson’s most signicant foregin policy achivement was the purchase of Alaska
TRUE
T or F: Poll taxes and literacy tests wer used to deny black the right to vote
TRUE
T or F: The South was called the “Solid South” because for one hundre years after reconstruction it voted solidly for Republican candidates
FALSE - the South voted for Democrats
T or F: Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction was called the Wade-Davis Bill
FALSE - it was called the Ten Percent Plan
