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Spanish > 7th Grade Final Exam Review Key Terms s.s. > Flashcards

7th Grade Final Exam Review Key Terms s.s. Flashcards

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1
Q

Economy

A

The system of production, distribution and consumption

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2
Q

Land bridge

A

A piece of land connecting two otherwise separate pieces of land

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3
Q

League of Iroquois/Iroquois Confederacy

A

.

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4
Q

Colony

A

Group of people who settle in a distant land but are still ruled by the government of their native land

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5
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

The global exchange of goods and ideas resulting from the encounter between the peoples of the eastern and western hemispheres

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6
Q

Turning Point

A

Moment in history that marks a decisive change

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7
Q

Conquistador

A

Name for the Spanish explorers who claimed lands in the Americas for Spain

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8
Q

Missionary

A

Person who tries to spread certain religious beliefs among a group of people

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9
Q

Geography

A

The study of people, their environments, and their resources

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10
Q

Missions

A

Person who tries to spread certain religious beliefs among a group of people

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11
Q

Northwest passage

A

A waterway through or around North America

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12
Q

Charter

A

Legal document giving certain rights to a person or company

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13
Q

Representative government

A

Political system in which voters choose representatives to make laws for them

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14
Q

House of burgesses

A

Representative assembly in colonial Virginia

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15
Q

Persecution

A

Mistreatment or punishment of a group of people because of their beliefs

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16
Q

Pilgrims

A

English settlers who sought religious freedom in the Americas

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17
Q

Mayflower compact

A

A 1620 agreement for ruling Plymouth colony

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18
Q

Puritans

A

Group of English Protestants who settled the Massachusetts bay colony

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19
Q

Religious tolerance

A

Town meetings

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20
Q

Town meetings

A

Meeting in colonial New England where settlers discussed and voted on issues

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21
Q

Proprietary colony

A

English colony in which the king gave land to proprietors in exchange for a yearly payment

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22
Q

Royal colony

A

Colony under the direct control of the English crown

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23
Q

Quakers

A

Protestant reformers who believe in the equality of all people

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24
Q

Cash crop

A

Crop sold for money at a market

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25
Q

Slave codes

A

Laws that controlled the lives of enslaved african americans and denied them basic rights

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26
Q

Triangular trade

A

Colonial trade route between new England the west indies and Africa

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27
Q

Middle passage

A

?

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28
Q

Mercantilism

A

Theory that a nations economic strength came from keeping a strict control over its colonial trade

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29
Q

Export

A

Trade product sent to markets outside the country

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30
Q

Import

A

Trade product brought into a country

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31
Q

Navigation acts

A

Series of English laws in the 1650s that regulated trade between England and its colonies

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32
Q

Enlightenment

A

Movement in Europe in the 1600s and 1700s the emphasized the use of reason

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33
Q

French and indian war

A

A war that took place from 1754 to 1763

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34
Q

Albany plan of union

A

Proposal by Benjamin Franklin to create one government for the 13 colonies

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35
Q

Treaty of paris, 1763

A

A 1763 agreement between Britain and France that that ended the French and indian war

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36
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Law forbidding english colonists to settle west of the Appalachian mountains

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37
Q

Stamp act

A

A 1765 law that placed new duties on legal documents and taxed newspapers almanacs and playing cards and dice

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38
Q

Townshend act

A

Laws passed in 1767 that taxed goods such as glass paper paint and lead and tea

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39
Q

Petition

A

Formal written request to someone in authority that is signed by a group of people

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40
Q

Boycott

A

To refuse to buy and use certain goods and services

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41
Q

Repeal

A

To cancel

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42
Q

Boston madsacre

A

Conflict in which five colonists were killed by British troops

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43
Q

Writs of assistance

A

Legal document that allowed British customs officials to inspect a ship’s cargo without giving a reason

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44
Q

Committee of correspondence

A

Letter writing campaign that became a major tool of protest in the colonies

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45
Q

Tea act

A

Law that let the British East India Company bypass tea merchants and sell directly to colonists

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46
Q

Boston tea party

A

Protest in which colonists dressed as indians dumped British tea into the Boston harbor

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47
Q

Intolerable acts

A

Series of laws passed in 1774 to punish Boston for the Boston Tea Party

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48
Q

Militia

A

Army of citizens who serve as soldiers during an emergency

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49
Q

Minutemen

A

Colonial militia volunteer who was prepared to fight at a minutes notice

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50
Q

Patriot

A

Colonist who favored war against Britain

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51
Q

Loyalist

A

Colonist who remained loyal to Britain

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52
Q

Blockade

A

The shutting of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out

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53
Q

Mercenary

A

Soldier who fights merely for pay, often for a foreign country

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54
Q

Battles of lexington and concord

A

Conflicts between Massachusetts colonists and British soldiers that started the revolutionary war

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55
Q

Battle of bunker hill

A

In 1775 first major battle of the revolution

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56
Q

Common sense

A

A 1776 essay by Thomas Paine that urged the colonies to declare independence

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57
Q

Declaration of independence

A

A1776 document stating that the 13 colonies were a free and independent nation

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58
Q

Natural rights

A

Rights that belong to all people from birth

59
Q

Traitor

A

Person who betrays his or her country

60
Q

2nd continental congress

A

?

61
Q

Battle of saratoga

A

In 1777 the first major American victory in the revolution

62
Q

Valley forge

A

Pennsylvania site of Washington’s continental army encampment during the winter

63
Q

Guerrilla warfare

A

Hit and run attacks

64
Q

Seige

A

Military blockade or bombardment of an enemy town or position in order to force it to surrender

65
Q

Battle of yorktown

A

American victory in Virginia that forced the British to surrender

66
Q

Treaty of paris

A

Agreement between Britain and France that ended the french and american war

67
Q

Articles of confederation

A

First american constitution passed in 1777 which created a loose alliance of 13 states

68
Q

Shay’s rebellion

A

Revolt in Massachusetts led by farmers in reaction to high taxes

69
Q

Constitutional convention

A

Gathering of state representatives to revise the articles of confederation

70
Q

New jersey plan

A

Plan at the constitutional convention favored by smaller states that called for three branches of government with a single chamber legislature

71
Q

Virginia plan

A

Called for a strong national government with three branches and two chamber legislatures

72
Q

Great compromise

A

Plan at the constitutional convention that settled the differences between large and small states

73
Q

Three-fifths compromise

A

3/5 of slaves in a state counted as population

74
Q

Founding fathers

A

Leaders who laid the ground work for the united states

75
Q

Republic

A

Citizens choose representatives to govern them

76
Q

Federalists

A

Supporters of the constitution that provided a strong federal government

77
Q

The federalist papers

A

Series of essays by James Maddison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay in support of ratifying the constitution

78
Q

Antifederalists

A

People who apposed the constitution and a strong national government

79
Q

Constitution

A

Document that sets out the laws principles and organizations and process of a government

80
Q

Bill of rights

A

Written list of freedoms the government promises to protect

81
Q

Amend

A

Change

82
Q

Checks and balances

A

A principle of the united states constitution that gives each branch of government the power to check the other branches

83
Q

Federalism

A

A division of power between the federal government and the states

84
Q

Limited government

A

A principle of the united states constitution that states that government has only the powers that the constitution gives it

85
Q

Preamble

A

Introduction to the declaration, constitution, or any document

86
Q

Separation of power

A

The powers of the government are divided among different branches

87
Q

Legislative branch

A

Branch of government that passes laws

88
Q

Executive branch

A

Branch of government that carries out laws

89
Q

Judicial branch

A

Branch of government that decides if laws are constitutional and carried out fairly

90
Q

House of representatives

A

Larger of the two parts of the legislative branch

91
Q

Senate

A

Smaller part of the legislative branch

92
Q

Electoral college

A

Group Of electors from every state who meet every four years to vote for the president and vice president of the united states

93
Q

Supreme court

A

Highest court in the united states established by the constitution

94
Q

Veto

A

To reject! The president rejects a law passed by congress

95
Q

Unconstitutional

A

Not permitted by the constitution

96
Q

Override

A

To overrule as when the congress overrides a presidents veto

97
Q

Impeach

A

To bring charges of serious wrong doing against a public official

98
Q

Citizen

A

Person who owes loyalty to a particular nation and is entitled to all its rights and protections

99
Q

Geography

A

The study of people their environments and their resources

100
Q

Precedent

A

Act or decision that sets an example for others to follow

101
Q

Cabinet

A

Group of officials who head government departments and advise the president

102
Q

Neutrality

A

Neutral in war

103
Q

Whiskey rebellion

A

Protest over tax on all liquor made and sold in the united states

104
Q

Embargo act

A

Law that imposed a total ban on foreign trade

105
Q

XYZ affair

A

French attempt to bribe the united states by demanding money before discussing seizure of neutral american ships

106
Q

Alien and sedition act

A

President could expel foreigners made it harder to immigrants to become citizens, allowed citizens to be fined and jailed if they criticized the government

107
Q

Impressments

A

Practice of forcing people into military service

108
Q

Louisiana purchase

A

Vast territory between the Mississippi river and rocky mountains. Purchased by France.

109
Q

Lewis and clark expidition

A

?

110
Q

War hawks

A

Members of congress from the south and west who called for war with Britain prior to the war of 1812

111
Q

Nationalism

A

Excessive pride in ones nation

112
Q

Industrial revolution

A

Gradual process by which machines replaced hand tools

113
Q

Urbanization

A

Movement of population from farms to cities

114
Q

Cotton Gin

A

Machine that separated cotton from the cotton seeds

115
Q

Erie canal

A

Artificial waterway opened sin 1825 linking lake Erie to the Hudson River

116
Q

Manifest destiny

A

Belief that god wanted americans to spread across the continent

117
Q

Oregon trail

A

Trail to oregon

118
Q

Oregon country

A

Present day Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and parts of Wyoming, Montana, and Canada

119
Q

Annex

A

To add

120
Q

The alamo

A

Old Spanish mission where Mexican forces under Santa Anna besieged Texans

121
Q

Gold rush

A

A rush to Sutters mill for gold! Yay!

122
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

?

123
Q

Popular sovereignty

A

The people choose

124
Q

Missouri compromise

A

Free states were equaled to slave states

125
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

California joined as a free state

126
Q

Fugitive slave act

A

All people were required to help capture runaway slaves

127
Q

Uncle Tom’s cabin

A

Anti-slavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

128
Q

Kansas Nebraska act

A

Popular sovereignty given to Kansas and Nebraska

129
Q

Dred Scott Case

A

Dred Scott free/slave sold back into slavery

130
Q

Republican Party

A

Political party that wanted to keep slavery out of the western territories

131
Q

John Browns Raid

A

John brown raided a slave state but failed and was captured

132
Q

Sectionalism

A

Loyal to a certain state or section

133
Q

Abolitionists

A

Wanted to abolish/get rid of slavery

134
Q

Election of 1860

A

?

135
Q

Secede

A

To break away from

136
Q

Fort Sumpter

A

?

137
Q

Civil war

A

War against your own country

138
Q

Border state

A

State on your states/country’s border

139
Q

Battle of Gettysburg

A

Confederate invasion of the North in Pennsylvania

140
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

Freed the confederacies states

141
Q

54th Massachusetts Regiment

A

?

142
Q

Total war

A

All out war that affects civilians at home and soldiers

143
Q

Appomattox Court house

A

Site of the confederate surrender

144
Q

Draft

A

Law that requires people of a certain age to fight in the military

Spanish (3 decks)

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