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7th Grade > 7th Grade Final-2014 > Flashcards

7th Grade Final-2014 Flashcards

1
Q

conditions in the atmosphere that change from day to day; determined by factors such as air pressure, humidity, and wind

A

weather

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2
Q

a region’s general pattern of weather over a long period of time; influenced by factors such as latitude, landforms, and ocean currents

A

climate

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3
Q

the Earth’s air; a mixture of gases, solids, and liquids that surround the Earth; divided into distinct layers

A

atmosphere

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4
Q

generates air movement (wind) and ocean currents; results when cooler, denser material sinks, while warmer, less dense material rises

A

convection current

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5
Q

narrow belts of strong winds; they form between cold, dry polar air and warm, moist tropical air

A

jet stream

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6
Q

the boundary between 2 air masses with different temperature and moisture levels; usually results in stormy weather

A

front

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7
Q

a measure of the force exerted by air on all objects; decreases rapidly as altitude increases

A

air pressure

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8
Q

usually associated with dry weather and mostly clear skies; wind circulate in a clockwise direction

A

high pressure

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9
Q

usually associated with clouds and precipitation; winds circulate in a counterclockwise direction

A

low pressure

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10
Q

warmer than normal sea-surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean; impacts global weather patterns; creates wetter than normal conditions in the southwest United States

A

El Nino

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11
Q

boundary between a cold and a warm air mass, where the colder air replaces the receding warmer air

A

cold front

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12
Q

boundary between a cold and a warm air mass, where the warmer air replaces the receding colder air

A

warm front

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13
Q

oval or egg-shaped; such as in Earth’s path around the Sun

A

elliptical

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14
Q

one of the 2 halves into which Earth is divided; the imaginary dividing line is called the equator

A

hemisphere

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15
Q

an imaginary line drawn around the Earth; divides the Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres

A

equator

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16
Q

either the shortest day of the year during winder or the longest day of the year during summer in the Northern Hemisphere

A

solstice

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17
Q

a day during the autumn and spring when the periods of light and dark hours are equal

A

equinox

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18
Q

occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth; or when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon blocking our view

A

eclipse

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19
Q

the regular cycle of change in the appearance of the moon (29.5 days); depends on relative positions of the Moon, Earth, and Sun

A

moon phases

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20
Q

to increase in size or intensity; when more and more of the lighted surface of the Moon is visible from Earth

A

waxing

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21
Q

to decrease in size or intensity; when less and less of the lighted surface of the Moon is visible from Earth

A

waning

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22
Q

when more than half (but not all) of the Moon’s lighted surface is visible from Earth

A

gibbous

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23
Q

when the lighted side of the Moon faces away from Earth and is not visible; the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth

A

new moon

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24
Q

when a small C-shaped portion of the Moon’s surface is visible from Earth

A

crescent

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25
Q

the force of attraction between 2 objects; depends on the mass of the objects and the distance between them

A

gravitational attraction

26
Q

when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are precisely aligned, the Moon passes into the shadow of the Earth; Earth prevents sunlight from reaching the Moon

A

lunar eclipse

27
Q

when the Moon passes between Earth and Sun and casts a shadow upon Earth’s surface; some portion of the Sun’s disk is covered by the Moon

A

solar eclipse

28
Q

the alternating rise and fall of the Earth’s oceans

A

tides

29
Q

when ocean water is at its greatest elevation or level; most places in the ocean experience 2 per day

A

high tide

30
Q

when ocean water is at its lowest elevation or level; most places in the ocean experience 2 per day

A

low tide

31
Q

states that the universe started about 12-15 billion years ago with an enormous explosion, resulting in an expanding universe

A

Big Bang Theory

32
Q

a cloud of gas and dust in space; it contracts under gravitational force; it is where new stars are formed

A

nebula

33
Q

huge sphere of very hot, glowing gas that produces its own light and energy in a process called nuclear fusion; our Sun is an example

A

star

34
Q

a graph showing the relationship between a star’s temperature and its absolute magnitude or luminosity

A

H-R diagram

35
Q

a measure of the brightness of a star; can be either the amount of light given off (absolute) or the amount of light received on Earth (apparent)

A

magnitude

36
Q

a large grip of stars, gas, and dust help together by gravity; classification is based on shape, such as spiral, elliptical, or irregular

A

galaxy

37
Q

a group of stars forming a pattern that is traditionally named after its apparent form or a mythological figure

A

constellation

38
Q

measures the total amount of energy emitted by a star or other astronomical object

A

luminosity

39
Q

a region of space-time whose gravitational field is so strong that nothing which enters it, not even light, can escape

A

black hole

40
Q

the distance that light can travel in one year; equal to 9,500,000,000,000 km

A

light year

41
Q

a celestial body or manmade object that orbits a planet such as a moon or the Hubble space telescope

A

satellite

42
Q

an optical instrument, using a special arrangement of lenses and mirrors, that makes distant objects appear closer

A

telescope

43
Q

hottest, innermost, solid, dense center of the Earth; consists mainly of iron under great pressure

A

inner core

44
Q

liquid layer of the Earth’s core composed of iron and nickel; located just below the mantle

A

outer core

45
Q

solid/plastic layer in Earth’s interior between the crust and the outer core; separated into upper and lower regions

A

mantle

46
Q

the part of Earth’s crust located under the ocean water; younger in age, thinner, and more dense

A

oceanic crust

47
Q

the part of Earth’s crust located under the continents; older in age, thicker, and less dense

A

continental crust

48
Q

a fracture in the Earth’s crust where stress builds up and movement occurs

A

fault

49
Q

1912 hypothesis developed by Alfred Wegener; stating that continents were once connected “like puzzle pieces,” then drifted apart

A

continental drift

50
Q

theory the Earth’s lithosphere (outer rigid layer) is composed of pieces, or “plates,” that move as a result of convection in the mantle

A

plate tectonic theory

51
Q

the outer, rigid, solid part of the earth, including the crust and the uppermost part of mantle; it is about 100 km thick

A

lithosphere

52
Q

where 2 tectonic plates are moving away from each other, new crust is created; such as in mid-oceanic ridges

A

divergent boundary

53
Q

where 2 tectonic plates are moving towards each other, crust is destroyed; forms oceanic trenches, mountains, and volcanic islands

A

convergent boundary

54
Q

where 2 tectonic plates slide against or past each other, crust is not created or destroyed; earthquakes result

A

transform boundary

55
Q

photographs taken from space and transmitted to Earth by artificial satellites, such as the Hubble telescope

A

satellite image

56
Q

water that collects in cracks and spaces in soil, sand, and rock; can be stored in aquifers

A

groundwater

57
Q

water moving according to the laws of gravity from higher to lower elevation (downhill)

A

runoff

58
Q

the breaking down of rocks, soils, and minerals by mechanical or chemical processes

A

weathering

59
Q

the processes by which soil and rock are removed and transported, such as by wind or water flow

A

erosion

60
Q

the accumulation of sediment transported by wind or water; happens when erosion stops and particles settle on a surface

A

deposition

7th Grade (1 decks)

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