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Science 7 Cards > 7B: Plants for Food & Fibre > Flashcards

7B: Plants for Food & Fibre Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

True or False? Plants produce oxygen for us.

A

True.

They produce oxygen during photosynthesis

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2
Q

True or False? Photosynthesis uses chloroplasts to make energy for the plant.

A

True.

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3
Q

Plants aren’t necessary to all of the life on earth. True or false.

A

Answer: False they supply us with many things we rely on.

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4
Q

(energy + carbon dioxide + water) = (sugar + oxygen)

This formula represents: __________

A

Photosynthesis

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5
Q

True or False?

More than 90% of the water a plant takes in is lost through its leaves.

A

True.

The leaves lose water through a process called transpiration. Basically leaves sweat the water out.

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6
Q

What are two functions of the stems in plants?

A
  1. Stems provide a pathway for nutrients to get throughout the plant.
  2. Support the leaves and reproductive structures(hold the plant upright)
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7
Q

What is the function of a flower?

A

Each flower usually has both mole and female parts for reproduction.

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8
Q

What is a seed?

A

A seed basicaly contains an embryo that will form a new plant.

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9
Q

What are cones used for in the plant world?

A

There are separate male and female cones for reproduction.

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10
Q

What are two functions of roots?

A
  1. absorb water and dissolved nutrients
  2. anchor the plant in the soil
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11
Q

What are 3 functions of the leaves on a plant?

A
  1. produce food for the plant
  2. take in and release oxygen and carbon dioxide
  3. allow water to exit the plant via transpiration
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12
Q

What is gas exchange?

A

Gas exchange is the process of these gases entering and leaving the plant.

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13
Q

Water moves up a plant from the roots to the leaves by a combination of 3 main processes. These processes include the following:

A
  • Transpiration
  • Capillary Action
  • Osmosis
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14
Q

What is transpiration? How does it work?

A

Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the surface of the plant (mainly from the leaves).

As more water evaporates, more water moves up within the plant to take its place.

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15
Q

What process allows water to travel through tiny tubes in the roots and stems, causing the particles to attract and transport?

A

Capillary Action

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16
Q

What is diffusion? Can you provide at least 3 examples?

A

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

For example:

  • Airfreshener spreading across the room
  • Tea bag content spreading throughout hot water
  • Smell of bacon travelling throughout the house
  • One drop of food dye spreading thoughout a whole glass of water.
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17
Q

Explain what osmosis is and explain why plants use it.

A

Osmosis is the transportation of water particles across a selectively permeable membrane using the process of diffusion***. Plants use this as a way to get water to places the other processes cannot.

***When the concentration of water in the soil is greater than the concentration of water in the roots of the plant, water moves into the root cells.

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18
Q

What is the function of a chloroplast?

A

The chloroplasts capture the sun’s energy and use it to join carbon dioxide and water together to make sugar.

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19
Q

List and briefly describe the 3 main phases of the seed plants life cycle.

A
  1. Seed Stage: a seed has three main parts: the embryo, stored food, and a seed coat.
  2. Seedling Stage: plants in the seedling stage grow very fast and produce I ew leaves, roots, and stems.
  3. Adult Stage: a plant is an adult when it produces reproductive structures. For seed plants, these structures are either a flower or a cone.
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20
Q

What is pollination?

A

The process in which male and female parts of a plant join to produce a seed. This occurs during the adult stage in a plants life cycle.

21
Q

Explain the following terms:

  • Anther
  • Pollen
  • Ovary
  • Ovule
A

Anther: male part of a flower which contains pollen(male sex cell used during fertilization)

Ovary: female part of the plant that contains ovules(female sex cell used during pollenation)

22
Q

True or False? Birds, insects, bats, and even people can be pollinators.

A

True.

23
Q

True or False? Plants that don’t need seeds to reproduce are called suckers.

A

False. This is actually referring to vegetative reproduction.

24
Q

Plants with long stems that run across the surface of the ground are called ________.

A

Runners

25
Q

What is a rhizome?

A

A plant produces new stems that run underground.

  • Other underground stems are produced close to the plant to make the structures we call bulbs, tubers, and corms.
26
Q

New plants that form on roots are __________.

A

Suckers.

  • Suckers are used to produce new plants

of fruit trees and berry plants.

27
Q

What is the difference between cuttings and graftings?

A

Cuttings: small pieces of a plant that usually have a part ofthe stem and a few leaves. Almost all plants can produce new roots from a cut stem under the right conditions.

Graftings: done by attaching a part of one plant onto another plant. Usually, a small branch of one plant is grafted. The two sections eventually grow together.

28
Q

In dry environments, plants have to save as much water as they can. Provide an example of a plant adaptation that would help a plant survive in such an environment.

A

The stems of cacti are thick because they store water. Cactus leaves are tiny spines that protect the stem and its stored water from predators.

29
Q

Plants such as white spruce trees have thin needle-like leaves with a thick resin coating. How does this help the plant survive?

A

This coating protects the plant from drying out, as well as offers a barrier to various insects and consumers.

30
Q

What four things do plants need to survive?

A

Plants need different amounts of:

  • Light
  • Water
  • Space
  • Nutrients.
31
Q

What are two of the 5 main nutrients a plant needs?

A
  • Nitrogen
  • Phosphorous
  • Potassium
  • Calcium
  • Magnesium.
32
Q

What are some of the various roles/niches that plants play in the environment?

A

Plants provide:

  • Oxygen
  • Shelter
  • Food
  • Build & protect soil
  • Act as producers
  • Remove CO2 from the atmosphere
  • Can be used for fibre to make clothing/tools
  • Medicines
33
Q

True or False? Aboriginal people used plants for medicine, fiber and food.

A

True.

34
Q

Name some objects you probably see or use every day that is made out of plants.

A

Answers will vary.

35
Q

What is the textbook made from?

A

Answer: The grade 7 textbook is made from plant fibres.

36
Q

True or False? The yeild of a plant is how fast it grows.

A

False. The yield of the plant is the amount of useful plant part per plant.

37
Q

Soil is not just dirt! When you look closely at soil, you see tiny particles with spaces between them. These spaces contain either ______ or _______.

A

air or water.

38
Q

Soil is made from mineral and organic particles. Briefly explain the difference between the two.

A

Mineral Particles: made from rock that has been broken down, these particles make spaces in the soil for water to travel through quickly.

Organic Particles: made from plants and animals that were once living, now decomposed, this “humus” provides plants with the nutrients they need and absorbs/holds water.

39
Q

What are 3 common types of soil?

A

Sandy

Loam

Clay

40
Q

What 3 things does rich soil have?

A

Nutrients, plenty of microorganisms, organic particles.

41
Q

What would happen to the soil if you grew the same plants in it year after year?

A

The soil would eventually run out of nutrients that the plant can’t make itself and would eventually be unable to sustain life

42
Q

What is crop rotation?

A

The process of planting different crops in a particular field every year to prevent the soils nutrients from diminishing.

43
Q

How can our practices improve or degrade our soil?

A
  • Crop rotation can help keep soil healthy, it is bad to grow crops in the same spots year after year.
  • Avoiding the use of pesticides/herbicides and instead using a biological control can benefit the soil greatly.
44
Q

What is no-till farming? What are the advantages/disadvantages?

A

No-till farming is a method of farming crops that doesn’t involve plowing. Advantages and disadvantages vary.

45
Q

What is selective breeding in plants?

A

Growers and scientists use selective breeding to develop new varieties of plants.

Selective breeding: is the process of selecting plants with specific traits and reproducing them.

ex) A farmer might notice that one plant grows taller than the rest. She plants seeds from this plant the next year, and gets more tall plants.

46
Q

What’s the difference between a herbicide and a pesticide?

A

A pesticide is made to kill insects that harm the plants. Herbicides are made to kill invasive plants like dandelions.

47
Q

Biological control is:

A

when natural predators are introduced/used to kill an invasive species.

48
Q

How is monoculture important to our economy?

A

Monoculture is the production of one type of plant which is then sold to make money.

49
Q

True or False? Diffusion is not used in osmosis.

A

False. Diffusion allows particles to move from a high concentration to a low concentration.

Science 7 Cards (5 decks)

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