77 - 78 Flashcards
What is applied microbiology?
A branch of biology studying enzymes related to prokaryotes and eukaryotic microbes, proteins, applied genetics, and molecular biology for societal benefits
It involves the production of products like food and medicines on a large scale using microorganisms.
List some products produced through applied microbiology.
- Dairy Products
- Food
- Medicines
- Enzymes
- Nutrients
- Chemicals
These products are developed using the commercial application of microbes.
What are the main features of industrial microbiology?
Involves various productions through fermentation processes
Examples include bread, cheese, wine, and raw materials for chemicals.
How are microbes used for garbage management?
Microbes are utilized for pollution control and waste management processes
This is part of the economic, social, and environmental applications of microbes.
Which microbes are used in the fermentation of milk into yoghurt?
Lactobacilli
These bacteria help convert lactose into lactic acid during yoghurt production.
What changes occur in milk during the production of cheese?
- Water content decreases
- Acidity increases
- Texture, taste, and flavor improve
These changes are a result of fermentation and the action of specific microbes.
What is the basic process for producing yoghurt, cheese, and cream?
- Pasteurization to destroy unwanted microbes
- Fermentation with lactobacilli
- Coagulation of milk proteins
The initial step is pasteurization, followed by fermentation which leads to the production of lactic acid.
True or False: Cheese is produced using bacteria.
False
Cheese is primarily produced with the help of fungi, while other dairy products may use bacteria.
Fill in the blank: The conversion of lactose sugar in milk to lactic acid is facilitated by _______.
lactobacilli
This conversion is crucial for the fermentation process in dairy product production.
What compound gives butter its flavor during the fermentation process?
Diacetyl
This compound is formed as a byproduct during the fermentation of milk.
What type of cheese is formed after 12-18 months of ripening?
Parmesan cheese
What type of cheese is formed after storing for 3 to 12 months?
Semi-hard cheddar cheese
What are the always soft types of cheese mentioned?
- Cottage cheese
- Cream cheese
- Mozzarella
What is essential during the industrial production of milk products?
Strict cleanliness and sterilization
What process is started through cutting solid yoghurt into pieces, washing, and salting?
Production of cheese
